Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM<sub>10</sub>: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland
The paper presents data from a monthly campaign studying the elemental composition of PM<sub>10</sub>, as measured by a specific receptor in Kotórz Mały (Opole Voivodeship)—located in the vicinity of a moderately inhabited rural area—measured in one-hour samples using a Horiba PX-375 ana...
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2021-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2654 |
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| author | Tomasz Mach Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska Karolina Bralewska Grzegorz Majewski Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec Justyna Rybak |
| author_facet | Tomasz Mach Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska Karolina Bralewska Grzegorz Majewski Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec Justyna Rybak |
| author_sort | Tomasz Mach |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The paper presents data from a monthly campaign studying the elemental composition of PM<sub>10</sub>, as measured by a specific receptor in Kotórz Mały (Opole Voivodeship)—located in the vicinity of a moderately inhabited rural area—measured in one-hour samples using a Horiba PX-375 analyzer. The hourly variability of SO<sub>2</sub>, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations, as well as the variability of meteorological parameters, was also determined. On average, during the entire measurement period, the elements related to PM<sub>10</sub> can be arranged in the following order: As < V < Ni < Pb < Cr < Mn < Cu < Ti < Zn < K < Fe < Ca < Al < Si < S. Trace elements, including toxic elements—such as As, V, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Mn—were present in low concentrations, not exceeding 10 ng/m<sup>3</sup> (average daily value). These elements had fairly even concentrations, both daily and hourly. The concentrations of the main elements in the PM<sub>10</sub>, as measured by the receptor, are subject to strong hourly changes related not only to changes in the structures of the sources identified in the statistical analysis, but also to wind speed and direction changes (soil and sand particle pick-up and inflow of pollutants from coal combustion). It has been shown that the transport emissions measured by the receptor can have an intense effect on PM<sub>10</sub> in the afternoon. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:40:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9cc2afa406fe4cd1b14c8bf6455fb7e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:40:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-9cc2afa406fe4cd1b14c8bf6455fb7e52023-11-21T18:29:41ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-05-01149265410.3390/en14092654Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM<sub>10</sub>: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in PolandTomasz Mach0Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska1Karolina Bralewska2Grzegorz Majewski3Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec4Justyna Rybak5Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, PolandInstitute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54, Słowackiego St., 01-629 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54, Słowackiego St., 01-629 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warszawa, PolandInstitute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 41-819 Zabrze, PolandFaculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, PolandThe paper presents data from a monthly campaign studying the elemental composition of PM<sub>10</sub>, as measured by a specific receptor in Kotórz Mały (Opole Voivodeship)—located in the vicinity of a moderately inhabited rural area—measured in one-hour samples using a Horiba PX-375 analyzer. The hourly variability of SO<sub>2</sub>, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations, as well as the variability of meteorological parameters, was also determined. On average, during the entire measurement period, the elements related to PM<sub>10</sub> can be arranged in the following order: As < V < Ni < Pb < Cr < Mn < Cu < Ti < Zn < K < Fe < Ca < Al < Si < S. Trace elements, including toxic elements—such as As, V, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Mn—were present in low concentrations, not exceeding 10 ng/m<sup>3</sup> (average daily value). These elements had fairly even concentrations, both daily and hourly. The concentrations of the main elements in the PM<sub>10</sub>, as measured by the receptor, are subject to strong hourly changes related not only to changes in the structures of the sources identified in the statistical analysis, but also to wind speed and direction changes (soil and sand particle pick-up and inflow of pollutants from coal combustion). It has been shown that the transport emissions measured by the receptor can have an intense effect on PM<sub>10</sub> in the afternoon.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2654atmospheric aerosolmunicipal and traffic emissionsnatural sourcesenrichment factorcoal and gasoline combustion24-h concentrations |
| spellingShingle | Tomasz Mach Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska Karolina Bralewska Grzegorz Majewski Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec Justyna Rybak Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM<sub>10</sub>: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland Energies atmospheric aerosol municipal and traffic emissions natural sources enrichment factor coal and gasoline combustion 24-h concentrations |
| title | Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM<sub>10</sub>: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland |
| title_full | Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM<sub>10</sub>: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM<sub>10</sub>: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM<sub>10</sub>: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland |
| title_short | Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM<sub>10</sub>: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland |
| title_sort | impact of municipal road traffic and natural sources on pm sub 10 sub the hourly variability at a rural site in poland |
| topic | atmospheric aerosol municipal and traffic emissions natural sources enrichment factor coal and gasoline combustion 24-h concentrations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2654 |
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