Two New Lightweight Cryptographic Hash Functions Based on Saturnin and Beetle for the Internet of Things
With the enormous growth in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, the volume of data shared among IoT devices is vastly increasing. Extensive IoT device connectivity and substantial data transmission have made information integrity susceptible to various assaults. Therefore, hash functions are requ...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10201838/ |
| _version_ | 1797743465549791232 |
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| author | Susila Windarta Suryadi Suryadi Kalamullah Ramli Andriani Adi Lestari Wildan Wildan Bernardi Pranggono Rini Wisnu Wardhani |
| author_facet | Susila Windarta Suryadi Suryadi Kalamullah Ramli Andriani Adi Lestari Wildan Wildan Bernardi Pranggono Rini Wisnu Wardhani |
| author_sort | Susila Windarta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the enormous growth in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, the volume of data shared among IoT devices is vastly increasing. Extensive IoT device connectivity and substantial data transmission have made information integrity susceptible to various assaults. Therefore, hash functions are required to ensure data integrity in IoT networks. IoT systems are constrained by their complexity, necessitating the consumption of minimal computational power. As a result, lightweight hash functions have been selected as the solution for the IoT data integrity issue. We present two lightweight hash functions, Alit-Hash and Tjuilik-Hash, based on the Saturnin block cipher and the Beetle mode of operation. In particular, we created Tjuilik-Hash by modifying the Saturnin block cipher. The strength of the proposed hash functions is evaluated through security analysis and performance testing. Alit-Hash and Tjuilik-Hash both show reasonably good resistance to differential and linear cryptanalysis. Hardware implementations on a cost-effective and low-power microcontroller board (ATmega2560) demonstrate an average execution time of 0.746 microseconds for the Tjuilik-Hash algorithm. Performance evaluations on a 64-bit personal computer indicate that the Alit-Hash and Tjuilik-Hash implementations exhibit comparable speed and throughput to seven other evaluated hash functions. Simulation experiments employing Contiki-NG and the Cooja simulator confirm the good performance of these two hash functions relative to Photon-Beetle-Hash, Photon, and Spongent across five metrics. The hash functions pass seven cryptographic randomness tests and pass all tests in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Statistical Test Suite (STS). Therefore, the implementation of both proposed hash functions should be considered, as they are both cost-effective and provide an adequate level of security, which is essential for IoT devices with limited resources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:55:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9cc92d0ab6e548be822c1fd127fc2e88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:55:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-9cc92d0ab6e548be822c1fd127fc2e882023-08-14T23:00:31ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362023-01-0111840748409010.1109/ACCESS.2023.330112810201838Two New Lightweight Cryptographic Hash Functions Based on Saturnin and Beetle for the Internet of ThingsSusila Windarta0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1234-9870Suryadi Suryadi1Kalamullah Ramli2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-4465Andriani Adi Lestari3Wildan Wildan4Bernardi Pranggono5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2992-697XRini Wisnu Wardhani6Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaCryptography Department, Politeknik Siber dan Sandi Negara, Cryptographic Hardware Engineering Study Program, Ciseeng, Bogor, IndonesiaCybersecurity and Cryptography Technology Research and Development Center, National Cyber and Crypto Agency, Depok, IndonesiaSchool of Computing and Information Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.KSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaWith the enormous growth in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, the volume of data shared among IoT devices is vastly increasing. Extensive IoT device connectivity and substantial data transmission have made information integrity susceptible to various assaults. Therefore, hash functions are required to ensure data integrity in IoT networks. IoT systems are constrained by their complexity, necessitating the consumption of minimal computational power. As a result, lightweight hash functions have been selected as the solution for the IoT data integrity issue. We present two lightweight hash functions, Alit-Hash and Tjuilik-Hash, based on the Saturnin block cipher and the Beetle mode of operation. In particular, we created Tjuilik-Hash by modifying the Saturnin block cipher. The strength of the proposed hash functions is evaluated through security analysis and performance testing. Alit-Hash and Tjuilik-Hash both show reasonably good resistance to differential and linear cryptanalysis. Hardware implementations on a cost-effective and low-power microcontroller board (ATmega2560) demonstrate an average execution time of 0.746 microseconds for the Tjuilik-Hash algorithm. Performance evaluations on a 64-bit personal computer indicate that the Alit-Hash and Tjuilik-Hash implementations exhibit comparable speed and throughput to seven other evaluated hash functions. Simulation experiments employing Contiki-NG and the Cooja simulator confirm the good performance of these two hash functions relative to Photon-Beetle-Hash, Photon, and Spongent across five metrics. The hash functions pass seven cryptographic randomness tests and pass all tests in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Statistical Test Suite (STS). Therefore, the implementation of both proposed hash functions should be considered, as they are both cost-effective and provide an adequate level of security, which is essential for IoT devices with limited resources.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10201838/Lightweight cryptographic hash functionsponge constructionSATURNIN block cipherBeetle mode of operationALIT-HashTJUILIK-Hash |
| spellingShingle | Susila Windarta Suryadi Suryadi Kalamullah Ramli Andriani Adi Lestari Wildan Wildan Bernardi Pranggono Rini Wisnu Wardhani Two New Lightweight Cryptographic Hash Functions Based on Saturnin and Beetle for the Internet of Things IEEE Access Lightweight cryptographic hash function sponge construction SATURNIN block cipher Beetle mode of operation ALIT-Hash TJUILIK-Hash |
| title | Two New Lightweight Cryptographic Hash Functions Based on Saturnin and Beetle for the Internet of Things |
| title_full | Two New Lightweight Cryptographic Hash Functions Based on Saturnin and Beetle for the Internet of Things |
| title_fullStr | Two New Lightweight Cryptographic Hash Functions Based on Saturnin and Beetle for the Internet of Things |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two New Lightweight Cryptographic Hash Functions Based on Saturnin and Beetle for the Internet of Things |
| title_short | Two New Lightweight Cryptographic Hash Functions Based on Saturnin and Beetle for the Internet of Things |
| title_sort | two new lightweight cryptographic hash functions based on saturnin and beetle for the internet of things |
| topic | Lightweight cryptographic hash function sponge construction SATURNIN block cipher Beetle mode of operation ALIT-Hash TJUILIK-Hash |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10201838/ |
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