The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Thermophilic Bacteria: Antibacterial, Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Investigations
Since thermophilic microorganisms are valuable sources of thermostable enzymes, it is essential to recognize the potential toxicity of silver nanoparticles used in diverse industrial sectors. Thermophilic bacteria <i>Geobacillus vulcani</i> 2Cx, <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/402 |
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| author | Israt Jahan Fatma Matpan Bekler Ahmed Tunç Kemal Güven |
| author_facet | Israt Jahan Fatma Matpan Bekler Ahmed Tunç Kemal Güven |
| author_sort | Israt Jahan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since thermophilic microorganisms are valuable sources of thermostable enzymes, it is essential to recognize the potential toxicity of silver nanoparticles used in diverse industrial sectors. Thermophilic bacteria <i>Geobacillus vulcani</i> 2Cx, <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> 3CA, <i>Paenibacillus macerans</i> 3CA1, <i>Anoxybacillus ayderensis</i> FMB1, and <i>Bacillus paralicheniformis</i> FMB2-1 were selected, and their MIC and MBC values were assessed by treatment with AgNPs in a range of 62.5–1500 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>. The growth inhibition curves showed that the <i>G. vulcani</i> 2Cx, and <i>B. paralicheniformis</i> FMB2-1 strains were more sensitive to AgNPs, demonstrating a reduction in population by 71.1% and 31.7% at 62.5 μg mL<sup>−1</sup> and by 82.9% and 72.8% at 250 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. TEM and FT-IR analysis revealed that AgNPs caused structural damage, cytoplasmic leakage, and disruption of cellular integrity. Furthermore, cell viability showed a significant decrease alongside an increase in superoxide radical (SOR; O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) production. β-galactosidase biosynthesis decreased to 28.8% level at 500 μg mL<sup>−1</sup> AgNPs for <i>G. vulcani</i> 2Cx, 32.2% at 250 μg mL<sup>−1</sup> for <i>A. ayderensis</i> FMB1, and 38.8% only at 62.5 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>, but it was completely inhibited at 500 μg mL<sup>−1</sup> for <i>B. licheniformis</i> 3CA. Moreover, <i>B. paralicheniformis</i> FMB2-1 showed a significant decrease to 11.2% at 125 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>. This study is the first to reveal the toxic effects of AgNPs on thermophilic bacteria. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:20:04Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9cca834eea274b44a1870047b4daea0c2024-02-23T15:28:26ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-02-0112240210.3390/microorganisms12020402The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Thermophilic Bacteria: Antibacterial, Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical InvestigationsIsrat Jahan0Fatma Matpan Bekler1Ahmed Tunç2Kemal Güven3Department of Health Care Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Mardin Artuklu University, 47100 Mardin, TürkiyeDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, TürkiyeDepartment of Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, TürkiyeDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, TürkiyeSince thermophilic microorganisms are valuable sources of thermostable enzymes, it is essential to recognize the potential toxicity of silver nanoparticles used in diverse industrial sectors. Thermophilic bacteria <i>Geobacillus vulcani</i> 2Cx, <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> 3CA, <i>Paenibacillus macerans</i> 3CA1, <i>Anoxybacillus ayderensis</i> FMB1, and <i>Bacillus paralicheniformis</i> FMB2-1 were selected, and their MIC and MBC values were assessed by treatment with AgNPs in a range of 62.5–1500 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>. The growth inhibition curves showed that the <i>G. vulcani</i> 2Cx, and <i>B. paralicheniformis</i> FMB2-1 strains were more sensitive to AgNPs, demonstrating a reduction in population by 71.1% and 31.7% at 62.5 μg mL<sup>−1</sup> and by 82.9% and 72.8% at 250 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. TEM and FT-IR analysis revealed that AgNPs caused structural damage, cytoplasmic leakage, and disruption of cellular integrity. Furthermore, cell viability showed a significant decrease alongside an increase in superoxide radical (SOR; O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) production. β-galactosidase biosynthesis decreased to 28.8% level at 500 μg mL<sup>−1</sup> AgNPs for <i>G. vulcani</i> 2Cx, 32.2% at 250 μg mL<sup>−1</sup> for <i>A. ayderensis</i> FMB1, and 38.8% only at 62.5 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>, but it was completely inhibited at 500 μg mL<sup>−1</sup> for <i>B. licheniformis</i> 3CA. Moreover, <i>B. paralicheniformis</i> FMB2-1 showed a significant decrease to 11.2% at 125 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>. This study is the first to reveal the toxic effects of AgNPs on thermophilic bacteria.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/402silver nanoparticlesantibacterial toxicitythermophilic bacteriaβ-galactosidase inhibitionsuperoxide radicals (SORs)TEM |
| spellingShingle | Israt Jahan Fatma Matpan Bekler Ahmed Tunç Kemal Güven The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Thermophilic Bacteria: Antibacterial, Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Investigations Microorganisms silver nanoparticles antibacterial toxicity thermophilic bacteria β-galactosidase inhibition superoxide radicals (SORs) TEM |
| title | The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Thermophilic Bacteria: Antibacterial, Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Investigations |
| title_full | The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Thermophilic Bacteria: Antibacterial, Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Investigations |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Thermophilic Bacteria: Antibacterial, Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Investigations |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Thermophilic Bacteria: Antibacterial, Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Investigations |
| title_short | The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Thermophilic Bacteria: Antibacterial, Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Investigations |
| title_sort | effects of silver nanoparticles agnps on thermophilic bacteria antibacterial morphological physiological and biochemical investigations |
| topic | silver nanoparticles antibacterial toxicity thermophilic bacteria β-galactosidase inhibition superoxide radicals (SORs) TEM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/402 |
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