Remote Sensing Temporal Reconstruction of the Flooded Area in “Tablas de Daimiel” Inland Wetland 2000–2021
Tablas de Daimiel National Park (TDNP) is a unique inland wetland located in the Mancha plain (Spain). It is recognized at the international level, and it is protected by different figures, such as Biosphere Reserve. However, this ecosystem is endangered due to aquifer overexploitation, and it is at...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/4096 |
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| author | Jesús Pena-Regueiro Javier Estornell Jesús Aguilar-Maldonado Maria-Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet |
| author_facet | Jesús Pena-Regueiro Javier Estornell Jesús Aguilar-Maldonado Maria-Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet |
| author_sort | Jesús Pena-Regueiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tablas de Daimiel National Park (TDNP) is a unique inland wetland located in the Mancha plain (Spain). It is recognized at the international level, and it is protected by different figures, such as Biosphere Reserve. However, this ecosystem is endangered due to aquifer overexploitation, and it is at risk of losing its protection figures. The objective of our study is to analyze the evolution of the flooded area between the year 2000 and 2021 by Landsat (5, 7 and 8) and Sentinel-2 images, and to assess the TDNP state through an anomaly analysis of the total water body surface. Several water indices were tested, but the NDWI index for Sentinel-2 (threshold −0.20), the MNDWI for Landsat-5 (threshold −0.15), and the MNDWI for Landsat-8 (threshold −0.25) showed the highest accuracy to calculate the flooded surface inside the protected area’s limits. During the period 2015–2021, we compared the performance of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 and an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.87 was obtained for this analysis, indicating a high correspondence between both sensors. Our results indicate a high variability of the flooded areas during the analyzed period with significant peaks, the most notorious in the second quarter of 2010. Minimum flooded areas were observed with negative precipitation index anomalies since fourth quarter of 2004 to fourth quarter of 2009. This period corresponds to a severe drought that affected this region and caused important deterioration. No significant correlation was observed between water surface anomalies and precipitation anomalies, and the significant correlation with flow and piezometric anomalies was moderate. This can be explained because of the complexity of water uses in this wetland, which includes illegal wells and the geological heterogeneity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:33:12Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:33:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-9cd3b75b86874715b4b845965f6430122023-11-17T21:19:01ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-04-01238409610.3390/s23084096Remote Sensing Temporal Reconstruction of the Flooded Area in “Tablas de Daimiel” Inland Wetland 2000–2021Jesús Pena-Regueiro0Javier Estornell1Jesús Aguilar-Maldonado2Maria-Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet3Research Institute for Integrated Management of Coastal Areas, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paraninfo, 1, 46730 Grau de Gandia, SpainGeo-Environmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstitute for Water and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainResearch Institute for Integrated Management of Coastal Areas, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paraninfo, 1, 46730 Grau de Gandia, SpainTablas de Daimiel National Park (TDNP) is a unique inland wetland located in the Mancha plain (Spain). It is recognized at the international level, and it is protected by different figures, such as Biosphere Reserve. However, this ecosystem is endangered due to aquifer overexploitation, and it is at risk of losing its protection figures. The objective of our study is to analyze the evolution of the flooded area between the year 2000 and 2021 by Landsat (5, 7 and 8) and Sentinel-2 images, and to assess the TDNP state through an anomaly analysis of the total water body surface. Several water indices were tested, but the NDWI index for Sentinel-2 (threshold −0.20), the MNDWI for Landsat-5 (threshold −0.15), and the MNDWI for Landsat-8 (threshold −0.25) showed the highest accuracy to calculate the flooded surface inside the protected area’s limits. During the period 2015–2021, we compared the performance of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 and an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.87 was obtained for this analysis, indicating a high correspondence between both sensors. Our results indicate a high variability of the flooded areas during the analyzed period with significant peaks, the most notorious in the second quarter of 2010. Minimum flooded areas were observed with negative precipitation index anomalies since fourth quarter of 2004 to fourth quarter of 2009. This period corresponds to a severe drought that affected this region and caused important deterioration. No significant correlation was observed between water surface anomalies and precipitation anomalies, and the significant correlation with flow and piezometric anomalies was moderate. This can be explained because of the complexity of water uses in this wetland, which includes illegal wells and the geological heterogeneity.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/4096Sentinel-2Landsat seriesTablas de Daimiel National Parkinland wetlandwater remote sensing index |
| spellingShingle | Jesús Pena-Regueiro Javier Estornell Jesús Aguilar-Maldonado Maria-Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet Remote Sensing Temporal Reconstruction of the Flooded Area in “Tablas de Daimiel” Inland Wetland 2000–2021 Sensors Sentinel-2 Landsat series Tablas de Daimiel National Park inland wetland water remote sensing index |
| title | Remote Sensing Temporal Reconstruction of the Flooded Area in “Tablas de Daimiel” Inland Wetland 2000–2021 |
| title_full | Remote Sensing Temporal Reconstruction of the Flooded Area in “Tablas de Daimiel” Inland Wetland 2000–2021 |
| title_fullStr | Remote Sensing Temporal Reconstruction of the Flooded Area in “Tablas de Daimiel” Inland Wetland 2000–2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Remote Sensing Temporal Reconstruction of the Flooded Area in “Tablas de Daimiel” Inland Wetland 2000–2021 |
| title_short | Remote Sensing Temporal Reconstruction of the Flooded Area in “Tablas de Daimiel” Inland Wetland 2000–2021 |
| title_sort | remote sensing temporal reconstruction of the flooded area in tablas de daimiel inland wetland 2000 2021 |
| topic | Sentinel-2 Landsat series Tablas de Daimiel National Park inland wetland water remote sensing index |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/4096 |
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