Human milk fungi: environmental determinants and inter-kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the CHILD Cohort Study
Abstract Background Fungi constitute an important yet frequently neglected component of the human microbiota with a possible role in health and disease. Fungi and bacteria colonise the infant gastrointestinal tract in parallel, yet most infant microbiome studies have ignored fungi. Milk is a source...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-020-01829-0 |
| _version_ | 1818408085294678016 |
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| author | Shirin Moossavi Kelsey Fehr Hooman Derakhshani Hind Sbihi Bianca Robertson Lars Bode Jeffrey Brook Stuart E. Turvey Theo J. Moraes Allan B. Becker Piushkumar J. Mandhane Malcolm R. Sears Ehsan Khafipour Padmaja Subbarao Meghan B. Azad |
| author_facet | Shirin Moossavi Kelsey Fehr Hooman Derakhshani Hind Sbihi Bianca Robertson Lars Bode Jeffrey Brook Stuart E. Turvey Theo J. Moraes Allan B. Becker Piushkumar J. Mandhane Malcolm R. Sears Ehsan Khafipour Padmaja Subbarao Meghan B. Azad |
| author_sort | Shirin Moossavi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Fungi constitute an important yet frequently neglected component of the human microbiota with a possible role in health and disease. Fungi and bacteria colonise the infant gastrointestinal tract in parallel, yet most infant microbiome studies have ignored fungi. Milk is a source of diverse and viable bacteria, but few studies have assessed the diversity of fungi in human milk. Results Here we profiled mycobiota in milk from 271 mothers in the CHILD birth cohort and detected fungi in 58 (21.4%). Samples containing detectable fungi were dominated by Candida, Alternaria, and Rhodotorula, and had lower concentrations of two human milk oligosaccharides (disialyllacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-hexaose). The presence of milk fungi was associated with multiple outdoor environmental features (city, population density, and season), maternal atopy, and early-life antibiotic exposure. In addition, despite a strong positive correlation between bacterial and fungal richness, there was a co-exclusion pattern between the most abundant fungus (Candida) and most of the core bacterial genera. Conclusion We profiled human milk mycobiota in a well-characterised cohort of mother-infant dyads and provide evidence of possible host-environment interactions in fungal inoculation. Further research is required to establish the role of breastfeeding in delivering fungi to the developing infant, and to assess the health impact of the milk microbiota in its entirety, including both bacterial and fungal components. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T09:38:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9cd45f72831e47608f262f019bfa88a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2180 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T09:38:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9cd45f72831e47608f262f019bfa88a22022-12-21T23:07:52ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802020-06-0120111310.1186/s12866-020-01829-0Human milk fungi: environmental determinants and inter-kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the CHILD Cohort StudyShirin Moossavi0Kelsey Fehr1Hooman Derakhshani2Hind Sbihi3Bianca Robertson4Lars Bode5Jeffrey Brook6Stuart E. Turvey7Theo J. Moraes8Allan B. Becker9Piushkumar J. Mandhane10Malcolm R. Sears11Ehsan Khafipour12Padmaja Subbarao13Meghan B. Azad14Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of ManitobaChildren’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION)Department of Medicine, McMaster UniversityDepartment of Pediatrics, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California San DiegoDepartment of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California San DiegoDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoDepartment of Pediatrics, University of British ColumbiaDivision of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of TorontoChildren’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION)Department of Pediatrics, University of AlbertaDepartment of Medicine, McMaster UniversityChildren’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION)Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of TorontoChildren’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION)Abstract Background Fungi constitute an important yet frequently neglected component of the human microbiota with a possible role in health and disease. Fungi and bacteria colonise the infant gastrointestinal tract in parallel, yet most infant microbiome studies have ignored fungi. Milk is a source of diverse and viable bacteria, but few studies have assessed the diversity of fungi in human milk. Results Here we profiled mycobiota in milk from 271 mothers in the CHILD birth cohort and detected fungi in 58 (21.4%). Samples containing detectable fungi were dominated by Candida, Alternaria, and Rhodotorula, and had lower concentrations of two human milk oligosaccharides (disialyllacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-hexaose). The presence of milk fungi was associated with multiple outdoor environmental features (city, population density, and season), maternal atopy, and early-life antibiotic exposure. In addition, despite a strong positive correlation between bacterial and fungal richness, there was a co-exclusion pattern between the most abundant fungus (Candida) and most of the core bacterial genera. Conclusion We profiled human milk mycobiota in a well-characterised cohort of mother-infant dyads and provide evidence of possible host-environment interactions in fungal inoculation. Further research is required to establish the role of breastfeeding in delivering fungi to the developing infant, and to assess the health impact of the milk microbiota in its entirety, including both bacterial and fungal components.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-020-01829-0BreastmilkHuman milkBreastfeedingMycobiotaFungiEnvironment |
| spellingShingle | Shirin Moossavi Kelsey Fehr Hooman Derakhshani Hind Sbihi Bianca Robertson Lars Bode Jeffrey Brook Stuart E. Turvey Theo J. Moraes Allan B. Becker Piushkumar J. Mandhane Malcolm R. Sears Ehsan Khafipour Padmaja Subbarao Meghan B. Azad Human milk fungi: environmental determinants and inter-kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the CHILD Cohort Study BMC Microbiology Breastmilk Human milk Breastfeeding Mycobiota Fungi Environment |
| title | Human milk fungi: environmental determinants and inter-kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the CHILD Cohort Study |
| title_full | Human milk fungi: environmental determinants and inter-kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the CHILD Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | Human milk fungi: environmental determinants and inter-kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the CHILD Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human milk fungi: environmental determinants and inter-kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the CHILD Cohort Study |
| title_short | Human milk fungi: environmental determinants and inter-kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the CHILD Cohort Study |
| title_sort | human milk fungi environmental determinants and inter kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the child cohort study |
| topic | Breastmilk Human milk Breastfeeding Mycobiota Fungi Environment |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-020-01829-0 |
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