Echo-Level SAR Imaging Simulation of Wakes Excited by a Submerged Body
The paper introduces a numerical simulation method for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging of submerged body wakes by integrating hydrodynamics, electromagnetic scattering, and SAR imaging simulation. This work is helpful for better understanding SAR images of submerged body wakes. Among these, t...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/4/1094 |
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| author | Yan Jia Shuyi Liu Yongqing Liu Limin Zhai Yifan Gong Xiangkun Zhang |
| author_facet | Yan Jia Shuyi Liu Yongqing Liu Limin Zhai Yifan Gong Xiangkun Zhang |
| author_sort | Yan Jia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The paper introduces a numerical simulation method for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging of submerged body wakes by integrating hydrodynamics, electromagnetic scattering, and SAR imaging simulation. This work is helpful for better understanding SAR images of submerged body wakes. Among these, the hydrodynamic model consists of two sets of ocean dynamics closely related to SAR imaging, namely the wake of the submerged body and wind waves. For the wake, we simulated it using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical methods. Furthermore, we compared and computed the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of wakes under various navigation parameters and sea surface conditions. Following that, based on the operational principles and imaging theory of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), we established the SAR raw echo signal of the wake. Employing a Range-Doppler (RD) algorithm, we generated simulated SAR images of the wake. The results indicate that utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical methods enables the simulation of wake characteristics generated by the motion of a submerged body with different velocities. The backscattering features of wakes are closely associated with the relative orientation between the wake and the radar line of sight. Under specific wind speeds, the wake gets masked within the sea surface background, resulting in less discernible characteristics of the wake in SAR images. This suggests that at lower speeds of submerged body or under specific wind conditions, the detectability of the wake in SAR images significantly diminishes. |
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| id | doaj.art-9cd90c6bedb64eb18e90abc25ab8d203 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:15:09Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9cd90c6bedb64eb18e90abc25ab8d2032024-02-23T15:33:33ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-02-01244109410.3390/s24041094Echo-Level SAR Imaging Simulation of Wakes Excited by a Submerged BodyYan Jia0Shuyi Liu1Yongqing Liu2Limin Zhai3Yifan Gong4Xiangkun Zhang5Key Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaKey Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaKey Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaKey Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaKey Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaKey Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaThe paper introduces a numerical simulation method for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging of submerged body wakes by integrating hydrodynamics, electromagnetic scattering, and SAR imaging simulation. This work is helpful for better understanding SAR images of submerged body wakes. Among these, the hydrodynamic model consists of two sets of ocean dynamics closely related to SAR imaging, namely the wake of the submerged body and wind waves. For the wake, we simulated it using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical methods. Furthermore, we compared and computed the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of wakes under various navigation parameters and sea surface conditions. Following that, based on the operational principles and imaging theory of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), we established the SAR raw echo signal of the wake. Employing a Range-Doppler (RD) algorithm, we generated simulated SAR images of the wake. The results indicate that utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical methods enables the simulation of wake characteristics generated by the motion of a submerged body with different velocities. The backscattering features of wakes are closely associated with the relative orientation between the wake and the radar line of sight. Under specific wind speeds, the wake gets masked within the sea surface background, resulting in less discernible characteristics of the wake in SAR images. This suggests that at lower speeds of submerged body or under specific wind conditions, the detectability of the wake in SAR images significantly diminishes.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/4/1094CFD simulationhydrodynamic wakeelectromagnetic scattering modelSAR image |
| spellingShingle | Yan Jia Shuyi Liu Yongqing Liu Limin Zhai Yifan Gong Xiangkun Zhang Echo-Level SAR Imaging Simulation of Wakes Excited by a Submerged Body Sensors CFD simulation hydrodynamic wake electromagnetic scattering model SAR image |
| title | Echo-Level SAR Imaging Simulation of Wakes Excited by a Submerged Body |
| title_full | Echo-Level SAR Imaging Simulation of Wakes Excited by a Submerged Body |
| title_fullStr | Echo-Level SAR Imaging Simulation of Wakes Excited by a Submerged Body |
| title_full_unstemmed | Echo-Level SAR Imaging Simulation of Wakes Excited by a Submerged Body |
| title_short | Echo-Level SAR Imaging Simulation of Wakes Excited by a Submerged Body |
| title_sort | echo level sar imaging simulation of wakes excited by a submerged body |
| topic | CFD simulation hydrodynamic wake electromagnetic scattering model SAR image |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/4/1094 |
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