Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a horse during bronchoalveolar lavage – single case report
Abstract Background Pulmonary hemorrhage is a rare cause of death in horses. Hemorrhage within the respiratory tract has many causes, including mycosis of the guttural pouch, invasive procedures causing serious trauma to nasal conchae, or lung biopsy. We report on a rare case of a fatal pulmonary he...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-019-1922-9 |
| _version_ | 1819079156378370048 |
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| author | Mathilde S. Varegg Kine M. Kløverød Malin K. Austnes Natalia Siwinska Malwina Słowikowska Agnieszka Zak Janusz A. Madej Malgorzata Kandefer-Gola Rafal Ciaputa Marcin Nowak Artur Niedzwiedz |
| author_facet | Mathilde S. Varegg Kine M. Kløverød Malin K. Austnes Natalia Siwinska Malwina Słowikowska Agnieszka Zak Janusz A. Madej Malgorzata Kandefer-Gola Rafal Ciaputa Marcin Nowak Artur Niedzwiedz |
| author_sort | Mathilde S. Varegg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Pulmonary hemorrhage is a rare cause of death in horses. Hemorrhage within the respiratory tract has many causes, including mycosis of the guttural pouch, invasive procedures causing serious trauma to nasal conchae, or lung biopsy. We report on a rare case of a fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a horse after a severe cough during bronchoalveolar lavage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous hemorrhage in a horse during bronchoalveolar lavage. Case presentation A 21-year-old mare which belonged to the didactic herd of The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine underwent BAL procedure for training purposes. Clinical examination prior to the procedure did not reveal any abnormalities and the horse had been classified as healthy. The horse was sedated with 0.01 mg/kg of detomidine and 0.01 mg/kg of butorphanol. The silicon BAL catheter was passed through the nasal passage into the trachea and then into the bronchus. Before catheter was wedged, the mare began to cough heavily and massive haemorrhage from mouth and nostrils occurred. Despite fluid therapy, shock occurred within 15 min and the mare was euthanized. Upon necropsy, site of hemorrhage was identified in the left lobar caudal bronchi, from a large blood vessel running directly beneath the bronchial wall. Upon histology, a chronic lympho-plasmocytic inflammatory process in left bronchi was identified. Moreover, Masson’s trichrome staining revealed severe, perivascular fibrosis. Conclusion Although BAL is a relatively safe procedure, and such complications should be treated as extremely rare, this case indicates that, in some individuals with specific subclinical problems, even mild physical force such as a cough can lead to rupture of the artery. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T19:24:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ce5f96908634fba9f2584f1e7b32aad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T19:24:30Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ce5f96908634fba9f2584f1e7b32aad2022-12-21T18:52:52ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482019-05-011511510.1186/s12917-019-1922-9Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a horse during bronchoalveolar lavage – single case reportMathilde S. Varegg0Kine M. Kløverød1Malin K. Austnes2Natalia Siwinska3Malwina Słowikowska4Agnieszka Zak5Janusz A. Madej6Malgorzata Kandefer-Gola7Rafal Ciaputa8Marcin Nowak9Artur Niedzwiedz10Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesAbstract Background Pulmonary hemorrhage is a rare cause of death in horses. Hemorrhage within the respiratory tract has many causes, including mycosis of the guttural pouch, invasive procedures causing serious trauma to nasal conchae, or lung biopsy. We report on a rare case of a fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a horse after a severe cough during bronchoalveolar lavage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous hemorrhage in a horse during bronchoalveolar lavage. Case presentation A 21-year-old mare which belonged to the didactic herd of The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine underwent BAL procedure for training purposes. Clinical examination prior to the procedure did not reveal any abnormalities and the horse had been classified as healthy. The horse was sedated with 0.01 mg/kg of detomidine and 0.01 mg/kg of butorphanol. The silicon BAL catheter was passed through the nasal passage into the trachea and then into the bronchus. Before catheter was wedged, the mare began to cough heavily and massive haemorrhage from mouth and nostrils occurred. Despite fluid therapy, shock occurred within 15 min and the mare was euthanized. Upon necropsy, site of hemorrhage was identified in the left lobar caudal bronchi, from a large blood vessel running directly beneath the bronchial wall. Upon histology, a chronic lympho-plasmocytic inflammatory process in left bronchi was identified. Moreover, Masson’s trichrome staining revealed severe, perivascular fibrosis. Conclusion Although BAL is a relatively safe procedure, and such complications should be treated as extremely rare, this case indicates that, in some individuals with specific subclinical problems, even mild physical force such as a cough can lead to rupture of the artery.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-019-1922-9BALBronchoalveolar lavageHorseSamplingsFatal hemorrhage |
| spellingShingle | Mathilde S. Varegg Kine M. Kløverød Malin K. Austnes Natalia Siwinska Malwina Słowikowska Agnieszka Zak Janusz A. Madej Malgorzata Kandefer-Gola Rafal Ciaputa Marcin Nowak Artur Niedzwiedz Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a horse during bronchoalveolar lavage – single case report BMC Veterinary Research BAL Bronchoalveolar lavage Horse Samplings Fatal hemorrhage |
| title | Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a horse during bronchoalveolar lavage – single case report |
| title_full | Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a horse during bronchoalveolar lavage – single case report |
| title_fullStr | Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a horse during bronchoalveolar lavage – single case report |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a horse during bronchoalveolar lavage – single case report |
| title_short | Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a horse during bronchoalveolar lavage – single case report |
| title_sort | fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a horse during bronchoalveolar lavage single case report |
| topic | BAL Bronchoalveolar lavage Horse Samplings Fatal hemorrhage |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-019-1922-9 |
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