The CD8 T Cell Response to Respiratory Virus Infections
Humans are highly susceptible to infection with respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, and parainfluenza virus. While some viruses simply cause symptoms of the common cold, many respiratory viruses induce seve...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00678/full |
| _version_ | 1818050661987647488 |
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| author | Megan E. Schmidt Steven M. Varga Steven M. Varga Steven M. Varga |
| author_facet | Megan E. Schmidt Steven M. Varga Steven M. Varga Steven M. Varga |
| author_sort | Megan E. Schmidt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Humans are highly susceptible to infection with respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, and parainfluenza virus. While some viruses simply cause symptoms of the common cold, many respiratory viruses induce severe bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and even death following infection. Despite the immense clinical burden, the majority of the most common pulmonary viruses lack long-lasting efficacious vaccines. Nearly all current vaccination strategies are designed to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies, which prevent severe disease following a subsequent infection. However, the mucosal antibody response to many respiratory viruses is not long-lasting and declines with age. CD8 T cells are critical for mediating clearance following many acute viral infections in the lung. In addition, memory CD8 T cells are capable of providing protection against secondary infections. Therefore, the combined induction of virus-specific CD8 T cells and antibodies may provide optimal protective immunity. Herein, we review the current literature on CD8 T cell responses induced by respiratory virus infections. Additionally, we explore how this knowledge could be utilized in the development of future vaccines against respiratory viruses, with a special emphasis on RSV vaccination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:57:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d0c20f461d545dda6acbb2fd273f2a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:57:02Z |
| publishDate | 2018-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d0c20f461d545dda6acbb2fd273f2a72022-12-22T01:51:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242018-04-01910.3389/fimmu.2018.00678357939The CD8 T Cell Response to Respiratory Virus InfectionsMegan E. Schmidt0Steven M. Varga1Steven M. Varga2Steven M. Varga3Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesInterdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesHumans are highly susceptible to infection with respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, and parainfluenza virus. While some viruses simply cause symptoms of the common cold, many respiratory viruses induce severe bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and even death following infection. Despite the immense clinical burden, the majority of the most common pulmonary viruses lack long-lasting efficacious vaccines. Nearly all current vaccination strategies are designed to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies, which prevent severe disease following a subsequent infection. However, the mucosal antibody response to many respiratory viruses is not long-lasting and declines with age. CD8 T cells are critical for mediating clearance following many acute viral infections in the lung. In addition, memory CD8 T cells are capable of providing protection against secondary infections. Therefore, the combined induction of virus-specific CD8 T cells and antibodies may provide optimal protective immunity. Herein, we review the current literature on CD8 T cell responses induced by respiratory virus infections. Additionally, we explore how this knowledge could be utilized in the development of future vaccines against respiratory viruses, with a special emphasis on RSV vaccination.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00678/fullCD8 T cellmemory T cellrespiratory virusrespiratory syncytial virusinfluenza A virushuman metapneumovirus |
| spellingShingle | Megan E. Schmidt Steven M. Varga Steven M. Varga Steven M. Varga The CD8 T Cell Response to Respiratory Virus Infections Frontiers in Immunology CD8 T cell memory T cell respiratory virus respiratory syncytial virus influenza A virus human metapneumovirus |
| title | The CD8 T Cell Response to Respiratory Virus Infections |
| title_full | The CD8 T Cell Response to Respiratory Virus Infections |
| title_fullStr | The CD8 T Cell Response to Respiratory Virus Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | The CD8 T Cell Response to Respiratory Virus Infections |
| title_short | The CD8 T Cell Response to Respiratory Virus Infections |
| title_sort | cd8 t cell response to respiratory virus infections |
| topic | CD8 T cell memory T cell respiratory virus respiratory syncytial virus influenza A virus human metapneumovirus |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00678/full |
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