A Retrospective and Prospective Examination of the 1960s U.S. Northeast Drought
Abstract As the most severe drought over the Northeastern United States (NEUS) in the past century, the 1960s drought had pronounced socioeconomic impacts. Although it was followed by a persisting wet period, the conditions leading to the 1960s extreme drought could return in the future, along with...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Earth's Future |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001930 |
| _version_ | 1828359165266886656 |
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| author | Zeyu Xue Paul Ullrich |
| author_facet | Zeyu Xue Paul Ullrich |
| author_sort | Zeyu Xue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract As the most severe drought over the Northeastern United States (NEUS) in the past century, the 1960s drought had pronounced socioeconomic impacts. Although it was followed by a persisting wet period, the conditions leading to the 1960s extreme drought could return in the future, along with its challenges to water management. To project the potential consequences of such a future drought, pseudo‐global warming simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model are performed to simulate the dynamical conditions of the historical 1960s drought, but with modified thermodynamic conditions under the shared socioeconomic pathway SSP585 scenario in the early (2021–2027), middle (2041–2047), and late (2091–2097) 21st century. Our analysis focuses on essential hydroclimatic variables including temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, snowpack, and surface runoff. In contrast to the historical 1960s drought, similar dynamical conditions will generally produce more precipitation, increased soil moisture and evapotranspiration, and reduced snowpack. However, we also find that although wet months get much wetter, dry months may become drier, meaning that wetting trends are most significant in wet months but are essentially negligible for extremely dry months with negative monthly mean net precipitation. For these months, the trend toward wetting conditions provides little relief from the effects of extreme dry months. These conditions may even aggravate water shortages due to an increasingly rapid transition from wet to dry conditions. Other challenges emerge for residents and stakeholders in this region, including more extreme hot days, record‐low snow pack, frozen ground degradation and subsequent decreases in surface runoff. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:38:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d17a4deb5dd4cc983f28dbc24fbcdf8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2328-4277 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:38:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth's Future |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d17a4deb5dd4cc983f28dbc24fbcdf82022-12-22T02:14:38ZengWileyEarth's Future2328-42772021-07-0197n/an/a10.1029/2020EF001930A Retrospective and Prospective Examination of the 1960s U.S. Northeast DroughtZeyu Xue0Paul Ullrich1Atmospheric Science Graduate Group University of California Davis CA USAAtmospheric Science Graduate Group University of California Davis CA USAAbstract As the most severe drought over the Northeastern United States (NEUS) in the past century, the 1960s drought had pronounced socioeconomic impacts. Although it was followed by a persisting wet period, the conditions leading to the 1960s extreme drought could return in the future, along with its challenges to water management. To project the potential consequences of such a future drought, pseudo‐global warming simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model are performed to simulate the dynamical conditions of the historical 1960s drought, but with modified thermodynamic conditions under the shared socioeconomic pathway SSP585 scenario in the early (2021–2027), middle (2041–2047), and late (2091–2097) 21st century. Our analysis focuses on essential hydroclimatic variables including temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, snowpack, and surface runoff. In contrast to the historical 1960s drought, similar dynamical conditions will generally produce more precipitation, increased soil moisture and evapotranspiration, and reduced snowpack. However, we also find that although wet months get much wetter, dry months may become drier, meaning that wetting trends are most significant in wet months but are essentially negligible for extremely dry months with negative monthly mean net precipitation. For these months, the trend toward wetting conditions provides little relief from the effects of extreme dry months. These conditions may even aggravate water shortages due to an increasingly rapid transition from wet to dry conditions. Other challenges emerge for residents and stakeholders in this region, including more extreme hot days, record‐low snow pack, frozen ground degradation and subsequent decreases in surface runoff.https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001930Northeastern USextreme droughtsclimate change impactspseudo‐global warmingregional climate modelingwater management |
| spellingShingle | Zeyu Xue Paul Ullrich A Retrospective and Prospective Examination of the 1960s U.S. Northeast Drought Earth's Future Northeastern US extreme droughts climate change impacts pseudo‐global warming regional climate modeling water management |
| title | A Retrospective and Prospective Examination of the 1960s U.S. Northeast Drought |
| title_full | A Retrospective and Prospective Examination of the 1960s U.S. Northeast Drought |
| title_fullStr | A Retrospective and Prospective Examination of the 1960s U.S. Northeast Drought |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Retrospective and Prospective Examination of the 1960s U.S. Northeast Drought |
| title_short | A Retrospective and Prospective Examination of the 1960s U.S. Northeast Drought |
| title_sort | retrospective and prospective examination of the 1960s u s northeast drought |
| topic | Northeastern US extreme droughts climate change impacts pseudo‐global warming regional climate modeling water management |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001930 |
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