Effect of Filter Medium on Water Quality during Passive Biofilter Activation in a Recirculating Aquaculture System for <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>
High-performance biofilters for water purification in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) ensure the safety of cultures of highly nutritious fish. As the most critical step in the functioning of biofilters is their activation, the objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of commer...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/6890 |
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| author | Arkadiusz Nędzarek Małgorzata Bonisławska Agnieszka Tórz Adam Tański Krzysztof Formicki |
| author_facet | Arkadiusz Nędzarek Małgorzata Bonisławska Agnieszka Tórz Adam Tański Krzysztof Formicki |
| author_sort | Arkadiusz Nędzarek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-performance biofilters for water purification in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) ensure the safety of cultures of highly nutritious fish. As the most critical step in the functioning of biofilters is their activation, the objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of commercial artificial media, namely RK Plast (BR-1), Mutag-BioChip30 (BR-2), and LevaPor (BR-3), for the passive activation of biofilters used in rainbow trout farming. Changes in NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> -N, phosphorus, and carbon concentrations were analyzed. In the first period, an increase in NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N concentration was recorded, before an increase in NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N concentration (maximum concentrations ranged 0.728–1.290 and 0.982–5.198 mg N dm<sup>−3</sup>, respectively), followed by a reduction and stabilization to a level safe for the fish (both below 0.100 mg N dm<sup>−3</sup>). Concurrently, a steady increase in NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N concentration was noted, with a maximum concentration between 6.521 and 7.326 mg N dm<sup>−3</sup>. Total phosphorus and total carbon ranged from 0.423 to 0.548 mg P dm<sup>−3</sup>, and from 43.8 to 45.2 mg C dm<sup>−3</sup>. The study confirmed the feasibility of using the tested artificial biofilter media for rainbow trout farming in RAS with passive biofilter activation. Biofilter activation efficiency was highest for the media with the highest specific surface area (BR-2 and BR-3). The removal of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen was above 90%. Nitrogen biotransformation was not limited by phosphorus or carbon concentrations. |
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| id | doaj.art-9d18e2efef03438b8ac58ca53b8f0c4a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:50:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d18e2efef03438b8ac58ca53b8f0c4a2023-11-23T20:09:36ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-09-011519689010.3390/en15196890Effect of Filter Medium on Water Quality during Passive Biofilter Activation in a Recirculating Aquaculture System for <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>Arkadiusz Nędzarek0Małgorzata Bonisławska1Agnieszka Tórz2Adam Tański3Krzysztof Formicki4Department of Aquatic Bioengineering and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Aquatic Bioengineering and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Aquatic Bioengineering and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Hydrobiology, Ichthyology and Biotechnology of Reproduction, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Hydrobiology, Ichthyology and Biotechnology of Reproduction, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550 Szczecin, PolandHigh-performance biofilters for water purification in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) ensure the safety of cultures of highly nutritious fish. As the most critical step in the functioning of biofilters is their activation, the objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of commercial artificial media, namely RK Plast (BR-1), Mutag-BioChip30 (BR-2), and LevaPor (BR-3), for the passive activation of biofilters used in rainbow trout farming. Changes in NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> -N, phosphorus, and carbon concentrations were analyzed. In the first period, an increase in NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N concentration was recorded, before an increase in NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N concentration (maximum concentrations ranged 0.728–1.290 and 0.982–5.198 mg N dm<sup>−3</sup>, respectively), followed by a reduction and stabilization to a level safe for the fish (both below 0.100 mg N dm<sup>−3</sup>). Concurrently, a steady increase in NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N concentration was noted, with a maximum concentration between 6.521 and 7.326 mg N dm<sup>−3</sup>. Total phosphorus and total carbon ranged from 0.423 to 0.548 mg P dm<sup>−3</sup>, and from 43.8 to 45.2 mg C dm<sup>−3</sup>. The study confirmed the feasibility of using the tested artificial biofilter media for rainbow trout farming in RAS with passive biofilter activation. Biofilter activation efficiency was highest for the media with the highest specific surface area (BR-2 and BR-3). The removal of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen was above 90%. Nitrogen biotransformation was not limited by phosphorus or carbon concentrations.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/6890salmonid fishrainbow troutRASnitrogenphosphoruscarbon |
| spellingShingle | Arkadiusz Nędzarek Małgorzata Bonisławska Agnieszka Tórz Adam Tański Krzysztof Formicki Effect of Filter Medium on Water Quality during Passive Biofilter Activation in a Recirculating Aquaculture System for <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> Energies salmonid fish rainbow trout RAS nitrogen phosphorus carbon |
| title | Effect of Filter Medium on Water Quality during Passive Biofilter Activation in a Recirculating Aquaculture System for <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| title_full | Effect of Filter Medium on Water Quality during Passive Biofilter Activation in a Recirculating Aquaculture System for <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Filter Medium on Water Quality during Passive Biofilter Activation in a Recirculating Aquaculture System for <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Filter Medium on Water Quality during Passive Biofilter Activation in a Recirculating Aquaculture System for <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| title_short | Effect of Filter Medium on Water Quality during Passive Biofilter Activation in a Recirculating Aquaculture System for <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| title_sort | effect of filter medium on water quality during passive biofilter activation in a recirculating aquaculture system for i oncorhynchus mykiss i |
| topic | salmonid fish rainbow trout RAS nitrogen phosphorus carbon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/6890 |
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