Assessing the Biofortification of Wheat Plants by Combining a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) and Polymeric Fe-Nanoparticles: Allies or Enemies?
Biofortification has been widely used to increase mineral nutrients in staple foods, such as wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>). In this study, a new approach has been used by analyzing the effect of inoculation with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), namely, <i>Bacillus...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/1/228 |
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| author | Manuel Merinero Ana Alcudia Belén Begines Guillermo Martínez María Jesús Martín-Valero Jesús Alberto Pérez-Romero Enrique Mateos-Naranjo Susana Redondo-Gómez Salvadora Navarro-Torre Yadir Torres Francisco Merchán Ignacio D. Rodríguez-Llorente Eloísa Pajuelo |
| author_facet | Manuel Merinero Ana Alcudia Belén Begines Guillermo Martínez María Jesús Martín-Valero Jesús Alberto Pérez-Romero Enrique Mateos-Naranjo Susana Redondo-Gómez Salvadora Navarro-Torre Yadir Torres Francisco Merchán Ignacio D. Rodríguez-Llorente Eloísa Pajuelo |
| author_sort | Manuel Merinero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biofortification has been widely used to increase mineral nutrients in staple foods, such as wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>). In this study, a new approach has been used by analyzing the effect of inoculation with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), namely, <i>Bacillus aryabhattai</i> RSO25 and the addition of 1% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) of organometallic Fe-containing polymeric nanoparticles (FeNPs) alone and in combination. Previously, the minimal inhibitory concentration of FeNPs for the bacterium was determined in order not to inhibit bacterial growth. All treatments had minor effects on seed germination and plant survival. Considering the physiology of plants, several photosynthetic parameters were significantly improved in individual treatments with FeNPs or the bacterium, particularly the efficiency of the photosystem II and the electron transport rate, which is indicative of a better photosynthetic performance. However, at the end of the experiment, a significant effect on final plant growth was not observed in shoots or in roots. When using FeNPs alone, earlier spike outgrow was observed and the final number of spikes increased by 20%. Concerning biofortification, FeNPs increased the concentration of Fe in spikes by 35%. In fact, the total amount of Fe per plant base rose to 215% with regard to the control. Besides, several side effects, such as increased Ca and decreased Na and Zn in spikes, were observed. Furthermore, the treatment with only bacteria decreased Na and Fe accumulation in grains, indicating its inconvenience. On its side, the combined treatment led to intermediate Fe accumulation in spikes, since an antagonist effect between RSO25 and FeNPs was observed. For this reason, the combined treatment was discouraged. In conclusion, of the three treatments tested, FeNPs alone is recommended for achieving efficient Fe biofortification in wheat. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:04:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d37604a92f6412e8fc864326630ebdb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:04:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d37604a92f6412e8fc864326630ebdb2023-11-23T12:40:22ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-01-0112122810.3390/agronomy12010228Assessing the Biofortification of Wheat Plants by Combining a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) and Polymeric Fe-Nanoparticles: Allies or Enemies?Manuel Merinero0Ana Alcudia1Belén Begines2Guillermo Martínez3María Jesús Martín-Valero4Jesús Alberto Pérez-Romero5Enrique Mateos-Naranjo6Susana Redondo-Gómez7Salvadora Navarro-Torre8Yadir Torres9Francisco Merchán10Ignacio D. Rodríguez-Llorente11Eloísa Pajuelo12Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainBiofortification has been widely used to increase mineral nutrients in staple foods, such as wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>). In this study, a new approach has been used by analyzing the effect of inoculation with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), namely, <i>Bacillus aryabhattai</i> RSO25 and the addition of 1% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) of organometallic Fe-containing polymeric nanoparticles (FeNPs) alone and in combination. Previously, the minimal inhibitory concentration of FeNPs for the bacterium was determined in order not to inhibit bacterial growth. All treatments had minor effects on seed germination and plant survival. Considering the physiology of plants, several photosynthetic parameters were significantly improved in individual treatments with FeNPs or the bacterium, particularly the efficiency of the photosystem II and the electron transport rate, which is indicative of a better photosynthetic performance. However, at the end of the experiment, a significant effect on final plant growth was not observed in shoots or in roots. When using FeNPs alone, earlier spike outgrow was observed and the final number of spikes increased by 20%. Concerning biofortification, FeNPs increased the concentration of Fe in spikes by 35%. In fact, the total amount of Fe per plant base rose to 215% with regard to the control. Besides, several side effects, such as increased Ca and decreased Na and Zn in spikes, were observed. Furthermore, the treatment with only bacteria decreased Na and Fe accumulation in grains, indicating its inconvenience. On its side, the combined treatment led to intermediate Fe accumulation in spikes, since an antagonist effect between RSO25 and FeNPs was observed. For this reason, the combined treatment was discouraged. In conclusion, of the three treatments tested, FeNPs alone is recommended for achieving efficient Fe biofortification in wheat.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/1/228biofortificationiron<i>Triticum aestivum</i>plant growth promoting rhizobacteria<i>Bacillus</i>polymeric nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Manuel Merinero Ana Alcudia Belén Begines Guillermo Martínez María Jesús Martín-Valero Jesús Alberto Pérez-Romero Enrique Mateos-Naranjo Susana Redondo-Gómez Salvadora Navarro-Torre Yadir Torres Francisco Merchán Ignacio D. Rodríguez-Llorente Eloísa Pajuelo Assessing the Biofortification of Wheat Plants by Combining a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) and Polymeric Fe-Nanoparticles: Allies or Enemies? Agronomy biofortification iron <i>Triticum aestivum</i> plant growth promoting rhizobacteria <i>Bacillus</i> polymeric nanoparticles |
| title | Assessing the Biofortification of Wheat Plants by Combining a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) and Polymeric Fe-Nanoparticles: Allies or Enemies? |
| title_full | Assessing the Biofortification of Wheat Plants by Combining a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) and Polymeric Fe-Nanoparticles: Allies or Enemies? |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Biofortification of Wheat Plants by Combining a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) and Polymeric Fe-Nanoparticles: Allies or Enemies? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Biofortification of Wheat Plants by Combining a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) and Polymeric Fe-Nanoparticles: Allies or Enemies? |
| title_short | Assessing the Biofortification of Wheat Plants by Combining a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) and Polymeric Fe-Nanoparticles: Allies or Enemies? |
| title_sort | assessing the biofortification of wheat plants by combining a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium pgpr and polymeric fe nanoparticles allies or enemies |
| topic | biofortification iron <i>Triticum aestivum</i> plant growth promoting rhizobacteria <i>Bacillus</i> polymeric nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/1/228 |
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