Study of the Performance of DSSS UAC System Depending on the System Bandwidth and the Spreading Sequence
A signal transmitted in an Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) system operating in a shallow-water channel suffers from strong time dispersion due to multipath propagation. This causes the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) observed in the received signal, which significantly limits the communicati...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2484 |
| _version_ | 1827696004438163456 |
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| author | Iwona Kochanska Roman Salamon Jan H. Schmidt Aleksander M. Schmidt |
| author_facet | Iwona Kochanska Roman Salamon Jan H. Schmidt Aleksander M. Schmidt |
| author_sort | Iwona Kochanska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A signal transmitted in an Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) system operating in a shallow-water channel suffers from strong time dispersion due to multipath propagation. This causes the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) observed in the received signal, which significantly limits the communication system’s reliability and transmission rate. In such propagation conditions, the Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) method is one of the solutions that make reliable data transmission possible. In systems with one-to-one communication, it ensures communication with a satisfactory Bit Error Rate (BER). Additionally, it makes it possible to implement the Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol in underwater acoustic networks. This paper presents the results of simulation and experimental communication tests on a DSSS-based UAC system using three types of spreading sequence, namely m-sequences, Kasami codes and Gold codes, and occupying different bandwidths from 1 kHz to 8 kHz around a carrier frequency equal to 30 kHz. The UAC channel was simulated by impulse responses calculated by the virtual sources method and the UAC chanel models available in the Watermark simulator. The experimental tests were conducted in a model pool. Based on the obtained results, a transmission rate was estimated, which is possible to achieve in strong multipath propagation conditions, assuming reliability expressed as BER less than 0.001. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:38:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d474de6fe7d4fb4bbbe67c23495c98b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:38:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d474de6fe7d4fb4bbbe67c23495c98b2023-11-21T14:05:05ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-04-01217248410.3390/s21072484Study of the Performance of DSSS UAC System Depending on the System Bandwidth and the Spreading SequenceIwona Kochanska0Roman Salamon1Jan H. Schmidt2Aleksander M. Schmidt3Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandFaculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandFaculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandFaculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandA signal transmitted in an Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) system operating in a shallow-water channel suffers from strong time dispersion due to multipath propagation. This causes the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) observed in the received signal, which significantly limits the communication system’s reliability and transmission rate. In such propagation conditions, the Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) method is one of the solutions that make reliable data transmission possible. In systems with one-to-one communication, it ensures communication with a satisfactory Bit Error Rate (BER). Additionally, it makes it possible to implement the Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol in underwater acoustic networks. This paper presents the results of simulation and experimental communication tests on a DSSS-based UAC system using three types of spreading sequence, namely m-sequences, Kasami codes and Gold codes, and occupying different bandwidths from 1 kHz to 8 kHz around a carrier frequency equal to 30 kHz. The UAC channel was simulated by impulse responses calculated by the virtual sources method and the UAC chanel models available in the Watermark simulator. The experimental tests were conducted in a model pool. Based on the obtained results, a transmission rate was estimated, which is possible to achieve in strong multipath propagation conditions, assuming reliability expressed as BER less than 0.001.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2484underwater acoustic communicationsUACdirect sequence spread-spectrumDSSSm-sequencesKasami codes |
| spellingShingle | Iwona Kochanska Roman Salamon Jan H. Schmidt Aleksander M. Schmidt Study of the Performance of DSSS UAC System Depending on the System Bandwidth and the Spreading Sequence Sensors underwater acoustic communications UAC direct sequence spread-spectrum DSSS m-sequences Kasami codes |
| title | Study of the Performance of DSSS UAC System Depending on the System Bandwidth and the Spreading Sequence |
| title_full | Study of the Performance of DSSS UAC System Depending on the System Bandwidth and the Spreading Sequence |
| title_fullStr | Study of the Performance of DSSS UAC System Depending on the System Bandwidth and the Spreading Sequence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of the Performance of DSSS UAC System Depending on the System Bandwidth and the Spreading Sequence |
| title_short | Study of the Performance of DSSS UAC System Depending on the System Bandwidth and the Spreading Sequence |
| title_sort | study of the performance of dsss uac system depending on the system bandwidth and the spreading sequence |
| topic | underwater acoustic communications UAC direct sequence spread-spectrum DSSS m-sequences Kasami codes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2484 |
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