Temperature has a major effect on the cuticular wax composition of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit
Cuticle is the first layer protecting plants against external biotic and abiotic factors and is responsive to climatic factors as well as determined by genetic adaptations. In this study, the chemical composition of bilberry fruit cuticular wax was investigated through a latitudinal gradient from La...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.980427/full |
| _version_ | 1811266321650810880 |
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| author | Priyanka Trivedi Linards Klavins Anne Linn Hykkerud Jorens Kviesis Didzis Elferts Inger Martinussen Maris Klavins Katja Karppinen Hely Häggman Laura Jaakola Laura Jaakola |
| author_facet | Priyanka Trivedi Linards Klavins Anne Linn Hykkerud Jorens Kviesis Didzis Elferts Inger Martinussen Maris Klavins Katja Karppinen Hely Häggman Laura Jaakola Laura Jaakola |
| author_sort | Priyanka Trivedi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cuticle is the first layer protecting plants against external biotic and abiotic factors and is responsive to climatic factors as well as determined by genetic adaptations. In this study, the chemical composition of bilberry fruit cuticular wax was investigated through a latitudinal gradient from Latvia (56°N 24°E) through Finland (65°N 25°E) to northern Norway (69°N 18°E) in two seasons 2018 and 2019. Changes in the major cuticular wax compounds, including triterpenoids, fatty acids, alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, and primary alcohols, were detected by GC-MS analysis. Generally, a decreasing trend in the proportion of triterpenoids from southern to northern latitudes, accompanied with an increase in proportion of fatty acids, aldehydes, and alkanes, in bilberry fruit cuticular wax was observed. A correlation analysis between climatic factors with proportion of wax compounds indicated that temperature was the main factor affecting the cuticular wax composition in bilberries. A controlled phytotron experiment with southern and northern bilberry ecotypes confirmed the major effect of temperature on bilberry fruit cuticular wax load and composition. Elevated temperature increased wax load most in berries of northern ecotypes. The level of triterpenoids was higher, while levels of fatty acids and alkanes were lower, in wax of bilberry fruits ripened at 18°C compared to 12°C in both northern and southern ecotypes. Based on our results, it can be postulated that the predicted increase in temperature due to climate change leads to alterations in fruit cuticular wax load and composition. In northern ecotypes, the alterations were especially evident. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T20:40:41Z |
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| id | doaj.art-9d4e3211840340c0af6b8b690a7daa27 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T20:40:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d4e3211840340c0af6b8b690a7daa272022-12-22T03:17:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-09-011310.3389/fpls.2022.980427980427Temperature has a major effect on the cuticular wax composition of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruitPriyanka Trivedi0Linards Klavins1Anne Linn Hykkerud2Jorens Kviesis3Didzis Elferts4Inger Martinussen5Maris Klavins6Katja Karppinen7Hely Häggman8Laura Jaakola9Laura Jaakola10Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Riga, LatviaNIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, NorwayDepartment of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Riga, LatviaFaculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, LatviaNIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, NorwayDepartment of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Riga, LatviaDepartment of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwayDepartment of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandNIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, NorwayDepartment of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwayCuticle is the first layer protecting plants against external biotic and abiotic factors and is responsive to climatic factors as well as determined by genetic adaptations. In this study, the chemical composition of bilberry fruit cuticular wax was investigated through a latitudinal gradient from Latvia (56°N 24°E) through Finland (65°N 25°E) to northern Norway (69°N 18°E) in two seasons 2018 and 2019. Changes in the major cuticular wax compounds, including triterpenoids, fatty acids, alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, and primary alcohols, were detected by GC-MS analysis. Generally, a decreasing trend in the proportion of triterpenoids from southern to northern latitudes, accompanied with an increase in proportion of fatty acids, aldehydes, and alkanes, in bilberry fruit cuticular wax was observed. A correlation analysis between climatic factors with proportion of wax compounds indicated that temperature was the main factor affecting the cuticular wax composition in bilberries. A controlled phytotron experiment with southern and northern bilberry ecotypes confirmed the major effect of temperature on bilberry fruit cuticular wax load and composition. Elevated temperature increased wax load most in berries of northern ecotypes. The level of triterpenoids was higher, while levels of fatty acids and alkanes were lower, in wax of bilberry fruits ripened at 18°C compared to 12°C in both northern and southern ecotypes. Based on our results, it can be postulated that the predicted increase in temperature due to climate change leads to alterations in fruit cuticular wax load and composition. In northern ecotypes, the alterations were especially evident.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.980427/fullcuticular waxberrytemperaturelatitudinal gradienttriterpenoidsfatty acids |
| spellingShingle | Priyanka Trivedi Linards Klavins Anne Linn Hykkerud Jorens Kviesis Didzis Elferts Inger Martinussen Maris Klavins Katja Karppinen Hely Häggman Laura Jaakola Laura Jaakola Temperature has a major effect on the cuticular wax composition of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit Frontiers in Plant Science cuticular wax berry temperature latitudinal gradient triterpenoids fatty acids |
| title | Temperature has a major effect on the cuticular wax composition of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit |
| title_full | Temperature has a major effect on the cuticular wax composition of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit |
| title_fullStr | Temperature has a major effect on the cuticular wax composition of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temperature has a major effect on the cuticular wax composition of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit |
| title_short | Temperature has a major effect on the cuticular wax composition of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit |
| title_sort | temperature has a major effect on the cuticular wax composition of bilberry vaccinium myrtillus l fruit |
| topic | cuticular wax berry temperature latitudinal gradient triterpenoids fatty acids |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.980427/full |
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