Multi Scale Analysis of the Retting and Process Effect on the Properties of Flax Bio-Based Composites
This research aimed to evaluate, at different scales (technical flax fiber, fiber band and flax composites, bio-based composites), the effect of retting and processing parameters on the biochemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of flax-epoxy bio-based materials. On the technical flax f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/11/2531 |
| _version_ | 1797596846052343808 |
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| author | Mohamed Ragoubi Morgan Lecoublet Medhi Khennache Christophe Poilane Nathalie Leblanc |
| author_facet | Mohamed Ragoubi Morgan Lecoublet Medhi Khennache Christophe Poilane Nathalie Leblanc |
| author_sort | Mohamed Ragoubi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research aimed to evaluate, at different scales (technical flax fiber, fiber band and flax composites, bio-based composites), the effect of retting and processing parameters on the biochemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of flax-epoxy bio-based materials. On the technical flax fiber scale, a biochemical alteration of the fiber was observed as the retting increased (a decrease of the soluble fraction from 10.4 ± 0.2 to 4.5 ± 1.2% and an increase of the holocellulose fractions). This finding was associated with the degradation of the middle lamella, favoring the individualization of the flax fibers observed at retting (+). A direct link was established between the biochemical alteration of technical flax fibers and their associated mechanical properties (decrease of the ultimate modulus 69.9 to 43.6 GPa and maximum stress from 702 to 328 MPa). On the flax band scale, the mechanical properties are driven by the interface quality between the technical fibers. The highest maximum stresses were reached at level retting (0) with 26.68 MPa, which is lower compared to technical fiber. On the bio-based composites scale, setup 3 (T = 160 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>C) and the high retting level (+) are the most relevant for a better mechanical response of flax bio-based materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:58:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d52ea4f3f8d43128e1496e800f60088 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:58:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d52ea4f3f8d43128e1496e800f600882023-11-18T08:26:46ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-05-011511253110.3390/polym15112531Multi Scale Analysis of the Retting and Process Effect on the Properties of Flax Bio-Based CompositesMohamed Ragoubi0Morgan Lecoublet1Medhi Khennache2Christophe Poilane3Nathalie Leblanc4UniLaSalle, Unité de Recherche Transformation et Agro-Ressources, VAM²IN (ULR 7519 UniLaSalle—Université d’Artois), 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, FranceUniLaSalle, Unité de Recherche Transformation et Agro-Ressources, VAM²IN (ULR 7519 UniLaSalle—Université d’Artois), 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, FranceUniLaSalle, Unité de Recherche Transformation et Agro-Ressources, VAM²IN (ULR 7519 UniLaSalle—Université d’Artois), 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, FranceNormandie University, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, FranceUniLaSalle, Unité de Recherche Transformation et Agro-Ressources, VAM²IN (ULR 7519 UniLaSalle—Université d’Artois), 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, FranceThis research aimed to evaluate, at different scales (technical flax fiber, fiber band and flax composites, bio-based composites), the effect of retting and processing parameters on the biochemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of flax-epoxy bio-based materials. On the technical flax fiber scale, a biochemical alteration of the fiber was observed as the retting increased (a decrease of the soluble fraction from 10.4 ± 0.2 to 4.5 ± 1.2% and an increase of the holocellulose fractions). This finding was associated with the degradation of the middle lamella, favoring the individualization of the flax fibers observed at retting (+). A direct link was established between the biochemical alteration of technical flax fibers and their associated mechanical properties (decrease of the ultimate modulus 69.9 to 43.6 GPa and maximum stress from 702 to 328 MPa). On the flax band scale, the mechanical properties are driven by the interface quality between the technical fibers. The highest maximum stresses were reached at level retting (0) with 26.68 MPa, which is lower compared to technical fiber. On the bio-based composites scale, setup 3 (T = 160 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>C) and the high retting level (+) are the most relevant for a better mechanical response of flax bio-based materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/11/2531flax morphologyretting effectprocessing parameterspropertyphysical and mechanical propertiesbio-based materials |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Ragoubi Morgan Lecoublet Medhi Khennache Christophe Poilane Nathalie Leblanc Multi Scale Analysis of the Retting and Process Effect on the Properties of Flax Bio-Based Composites Polymers flax morphology retting effect processing parameters property physical and mechanical properties bio-based materials |
| title | Multi Scale Analysis of the Retting and Process Effect on the Properties of Flax Bio-Based Composites |
| title_full | Multi Scale Analysis of the Retting and Process Effect on the Properties of Flax Bio-Based Composites |
| title_fullStr | Multi Scale Analysis of the Retting and Process Effect on the Properties of Flax Bio-Based Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi Scale Analysis of the Retting and Process Effect on the Properties of Flax Bio-Based Composites |
| title_short | Multi Scale Analysis of the Retting and Process Effect on the Properties of Flax Bio-Based Composites |
| title_sort | multi scale analysis of the retting and process effect on the properties of flax bio based composites |
| topic | flax morphology retting effect processing parameters property physical and mechanical properties bio-based materials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/11/2531 |
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