Effect of Rapid Urbanization in Mainland China on the Seasonal Influenza Epidemic: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surveillance Data From 2010 to 2017
BackgroundThe world is undergoing an unprecedented wave of urbanization. However, the effect of rapid urbanization during the early or middle stages of urbanization on seasonal influenza transmission remains unknown. Since about 70% of the world population live in low-income...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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JMIR Publications
2023-07-01
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| Series: | JMIR Public Health and Surveillance |
| Online Access: | https://publichealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e41435 |
| _version_ | 1797734045955653632 |
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| author | Hao Lei Nan Zhang Beidi Niu Xiao Wang Shenglan Xiao Xiangjun Du Tao Chen Lei Yang Dayan Wang Benjamin Cowling Yuguo Li Yuelong Shu |
| author_facet | Hao Lei Nan Zhang Beidi Niu Xiao Wang Shenglan Xiao Xiangjun Du Tao Chen Lei Yang Dayan Wang Benjamin Cowling Yuguo Li Yuelong Shu |
| author_sort | Hao Lei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
BackgroundThe world is undergoing an unprecedented wave of urbanization. However, the effect of rapid urbanization during the early or middle stages of urbanization on seasonal influenza transmission remains unknown. Since about 70% of the world population live in low-income countries, exploring the impact of urbanization on influenza transmission in urbanized countries is significant for global infection prediction and prevention.
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the effect of rapid urbanization on influenza transmission in China.
MethodsWe performed spatiotemporal analyses of province-level influenza surveillance data collected in Mainland China from April 1, 2010, to March 31, 2017. An agent-based model based on hourly human contact–related behaviors was built to simulate the influenza transmission dynamics and to explore the potential mechanism of the impact of urbanization on influenza transmission.
ResultsWe observed persistent differences in the influenza epidemic attack rates among the provinces of Mainland China across the 7-year study period, and the attack rate in the winter waves exhibited a U-shaped relationship with the urbanization rates, with a turning point at 50%-60% urbanization across Mainland China. Rapid Chinese urbanization has led to increases in the urban population density and percentage of the workforce but decreases in household size and the percentage of student population. The net effect of increased influenza transmission in the community and workplaces but decreased transmission in households and schools yielded the observed U-shaped relationship.
ConclusionsOur results highlight the complicated effects of urbanization on the seasonal influenza epidemic in China. As the current urbanization rate in China is approximately 59%, further urbanization with no relevant interventions suggests a worrisome increasing future trend in the influenza epidemic attack rate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:38:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d56276d72f544da901128372adf8ae4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2369-2960 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:38:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JMIR Public Health and Surveillance |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d56276d72f544da901128372adf8ae42023-08-29T00:02:12ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Public Health and Surveillance2369-29602023-07-019e4143510.2196/41435Effect of Rapid Urbanization in Mainland China on the Seasonal Influenza Epidemic: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surveillance Data From 2010 to 2017Hao Leihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1850-7040Nan Zhanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2092-4334Beidi Niuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-4705Xiao Wanghttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-5991-0767Shenglan Xiaohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6265-9199Xiangjun Duhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-8430Tao Chenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9049-2533Lei Yanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5239-4617Dayan Wanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-1016Benjamin Cowlinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6297-7154Yuguo Lihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-4529Yuelong Shuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-5540 BackgroundThe world is undergoing an unprecedented wave of urbanization. However, the effect of rapid urbanization during the early or middle stages of urbanization on seasonal influenza transmission remains unknown. Since about 70% of the world population live in low-income countries, exploring the impact of urbanization on influenza transmission in urbanized countries is significant for global infection prediction and prevention. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the effect of rapid urbanization on influenza transmission in China. MethodsWe performed spatiotemporal analyses of province-level influenza surveillance data collected in Mainland China from April 1, 2010, to March 31, 2017. An agent-based model based on hourly human contact–related behaviors was built to simulate the influenza transmission dynamics and to explore the potential mechanism of the impact of urbanization on influenza transmission. ResultsWe observed persistent differences in the influenza epidemic attack rates among the provinces of Mainland China across the 7-year study period, and the attack rate in the winter waves exhibited a U-shaped relationship with the urbanization rates, with a turning point at 50%-60% urbanization across Mainland China. Rapid Chinese urbanization has led to increases in the urban population density and percentage of the workforce but decreases in household size and the percentage of student population. The net effect of increased influenza transmission in the community and workplaces but decreased transmission in households and schools yielded the observed U-shaped relationship. ConclusionsOur results highlight the complicated effects of urbanization on the seasonal influenza epidemic in China. As the current urbanization rate in China is approximately 59%, further urbanization with no relevant interventions suggests a worrisome increasing future trend in the influenza epidemic attack rate.https://publichealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e41435 |
| spellingShingle | Hao Lei Nan Zhang Beidi Niu Xiao Wang Shenglan Xiao Xiangjun Du Tao Chen Lei Yang Dayan Wang Benjamin Cowling Yuguo Li Yuelong Shu Effect of Rapid Urbanization in Mainland China on the Seasonal Influenza Epidemic: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surveillance Data From 2010 to 2017 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance |
| title | Effect of Rapid Urbanization in Mainland China on the Seasonal Influenza Epidemic: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surveillance Data From 2010 to 2017 |
| title_full | Effect of Rapid Urbanization in Mainland China on the Seasonal Influenza Epidemic: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surveillance Data From 2010 to 2017 |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Rapid Urbanization in Mainland China on the Seasonal Influenza Epidemic: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surveillance Data From 2010 to 2017 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Rapid Urbanization in Mainland China on the Seasonal Influenza Epidemic: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surveillance Data From 2010 to 2017 |
| title_short | Effect of Rapid Urbanization in Mainland China on the Seasonal Influenza Epidemic: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surveillance Data From 2010 to 2017 |
| title_sort | effect of rapid urbanization in mainland china on the seasonal influenza epidemic spatiotemporal analysis of surveillance data from 2010 to 2017 |
| url | https://publichealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e41435 |
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