Malignant Melanoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Current Treatment Options
Malignant melanoma (MM) has become the fifth most frequent cancer in the UK. It is the most common carcinoma to metastasize to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. MM particularly has an affinity to spread to the small bowel, which is followed by the involvement of the stomach and large intestine. Excel...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/327 |
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| author | Darina Kohoutova Dominic Worku Hala Aziz Julian Teare Justin Weir James Larkin |
| author_facet | Darina Kohoutova Dominic Worku Hala Aziz Julian Teare Justin Weir James Larkin |
| author_sort | Darina Kohoutova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Malignant melanoma (MM) has become the fifth most frequent cancer in the UK. It is the most common carcinoma to metastasize to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. MM particularly has an affinity to spread to the small bowel, which is followed by the involvement of the stomach and large intestine. Excellent endoscopic options including video capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy are available for a precise diagnosis of GI involvement by a metastatic MM. The complete surgical resection of GI metastatic MM in carefully selected patients not only provides symptom control, but has also been associated with an increase in overall survival. The approval of BRAF-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors has transformed therapeutic approaches for patients with metastatic MM over the past decade. Currently, the overall survival of patients with advanced metastatic MM who have been treated with a combination of immunotherapeutic agents reaches 52% at five years. The role of surgery for patients with the metastatic involvement of the GI tract with MM is evolving in the era of effective systemic treatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:36:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d59a21355064a8d85b31d482c6c49d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:36:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d59a21355064a8d85b31d482c6c49d22023-12-03T12:28:33ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-02-0110232710.3390/cells10020327Malignant Melanoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Current Treatment OptionsDarina Kohoutova0Dominic Worku1Hala Aziz2Julian Teare3Justin Weir4James Larkin5The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, Chelsea, London SW3 6JJ, UKThe Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, Chelsea, London SW3 6JJ, UKThe Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, Chelsea, London SW3 6JJ, UKThe Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, Chelsea, London SW3 6JJ, UKImperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UKThe Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, Chelsea, London SW3 6JJ, UKMalignant melanoma (MM) has become the fifth most frequent cancer in the UK. It is the most common carcinoma to metastasize to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. MM particularly has an affinity to spread to the small bowel, which is followed by the involvement of the stomach and large intestine. Excellent endoscopic options including video capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy are available for a precise diagnosis of GI involvement by a metastatic MM. The complete surgical resection of GI metastatic MM in carefully selected patients not only provides symptom control, but has also been associated with an increase in overall survival. The approval of BRAF-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors has transformed therapeutic approaches for patients with metastatic MM over the past decade. Currently, the overall survival of patients with advanced metastatic MM who have been treated with a combination of immunotherapeutic agents reaches 52% at five years. The role of surgery for patients with the metastatic involvement of the GI tract with MM is evolving in the era of effective systemic treatments.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/327malignant melanomagastrointestinal tractimmunotherapyBRAF/MEK inhibitors |
| spellingShingle | Darina Kohoutova Dominic Worku Hala Aziz Julian Teare Justin Weir James Larkin Malignant Melanoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Current Treatment Options Cells malignant melanoma gastrointestinal tract immunotherapy BRAF/MEK inhibitors |
| title | Malignant Melanoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Current Treatment Options |
| title_full | Malignant Melanoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Current Treatment Options |
| title_fullStr | Malignant Melanoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Current Treatment Options |
| title_full_unstemmed | Malignant Melanoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Current Treatment Options |
| title_short | Malignant Melanoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Current Treatment Options |
| title_sort | malignant melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract symptoms diagnosis and current treatment options |
| topic | malignant melanoma gastrointestinal tract immunotherapy BRAF/MEK inhibitors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/327 |
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