Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Modulate Pedunculate Oak’s Heat Stress Responses through the Alternation of Polyamines, Phenolics, and Osmotica Content
The physiological and biochemical responses of pedunculate oaks (<i>Quercus robur</i> L.) to heat stress (HS) and mycorrhization (individually as well in combination) were estimated. One-year-old <i>Q. robur</i> seedlings were grown under controlled conditions in a pot experi...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3360 |
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| author | Marko Kebert Saša Kostić Eleonora Čapelja Vanja Vuksanović Srđan Stojnić Anđelina Gavranović Markić Milica Zlatković Marina Milović Vladislava Galović Saša Orlović |
| author_facet | Marko Kebert Saša Kostić Eleonora Čapelja Vanja Vuksanović Srđan Stojnić Anđelina Gavranović Markić Milica Zlatković Marina Milović Vladislava Galović Saša Orlović |
| author_sort | Marko Kebert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The physiological and biochemical responses of pedunculate oaks (<i>Quercus robur</i> L.) to heat stress (HS) and mycorrhization (individually as well in combination) were estimated. One-year-old <i>Q. robur</i> seedlings were grown under controlled conditions in a pot experiment, inoculated with a commercial inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, and subjected to 72 h of heat stress (40 °C/30 °C day/night temperature, relative humidity 80%, photoperiod 16/8 h) in a climate chamber, and they were compared with seedlings that were grown at room temperature (RT). An in-depth analysis of certain well-known stress-related metrics such as proline, total phenolics, FRAP, ABTS, non-protein thiols, and lipid peroxidation revealed that mycorrhized oak seedlings were more resistant to heat stress (HS) than non-mycorrhized oaks. Additionally, levels of specific polyamines, total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as osmotica (proline and glycine betaine) content were measured and compared between four treatments: plants inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi exposed to heat stress (ECM-HS) and those grown only at RT (ECM-RT) versus non-mycorrhized controls exposed to heat stress (NM-HS) and those grown only at room temperature (NM-RT). In ectomycorrhiza inoculated oak seedlings, heat stress led to not only a rise in proline, total phenols, FRAP, ABTS, non-protein thiols, and lipid peroxidation but a notable decrease in glycine betaine and flavonoids. Amounts of three main polyamines (putrescine, spermine, and spermidine) were quantified by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescent detection (HPLC/FLD) after derivatization with dansyl-chloride. Heat stress significantly increased putrescine levels in non-mycorrhized oak seedlings but had no effect on spermidine or spermine levels, whereas heat stress significantly increased all inspected polyamine levels in oak seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal inoculum. Spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) contents were significantly higher in ECM-inoculated plants during heat stress (approximately 940 and 630 nmol g<sup>−1</sup> DW, respectively), whereas these compounds were present in smaller amounts in non-mycorrhized oak seedlings (between 510 and 550 nmol g<sup>−1</sup> DW for Spd and between 350 and 450 nmol g<sup>−1</sup> DW for Spm). These findings supported the priming and biofertilizer roles of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the mitigation of heat stress in pedunculate oaks by modification of polyamines, phenolics, and osmotica content. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:34:59Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9d70fb61ba7f498fa9d768d4932768cd2023-11-24T11:56:39ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-12-011123336010.3390/plants11233360Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Modulate Pedunculate Oak’s Heat Stress Responses through the Alternation of Polyamines, Phenolics, and Osmotica ContentMarko Kebert0Saša Kostić1Eleonora Čapelja2Vanja Vuksanović3Srđan Stojnić4Anđelina Gavranović Markić5Milica Zlatković6Marina Milović7Vladislava Galović8Saša Orlović9Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaInstitute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaFaculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaInstitute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDivision for Genetics, Forest Tree Breeding and Seed Science, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, CroatiaInstitute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaInstitute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaInstitute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaInstitute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaThe physiological and biochemical responses of pedunculate oaks (<i>Quercus robur</i> L.) to heat stress (HS) and mycorrhization (individually as well in combination) were estimated. One-year-old <i>Q. robur</i> seedlings were grown under controlled conditions in a pot experiment, inoculated with a commercial inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, and subjected to 72 h of heat stress (40 °C/30 °C day/night temperature, relative humidity 80%, photoperiod 16/8 h) in a climate chamber, and they were compared with seedlings that were grown at room temperature (RT). An in-depth analysis of certain well-known stress-related metrics such as proline, total phenolics, FRAP, ABTS, non-protein thiols, and lipid peroxidation revealed that mycorrhized oak seedlings were more resistant to heat stress (HS) than non-mycorrhized oaks. Additionally, levels of specific polyamines, total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as osmotica (proline and glycine betaine) content were measured and compared between four treatments: plants inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi exposed to heat stress (ECM-HS) and those grown only at RT (ECM-RT) versus non-mycorrhized controls exposed to heat stress (NM-HS) and those grown only at room temperature (NM-RT). In ectomycorrhiza inoculated oak seedlings, heat stress led to not only a rise in proline, total phenols, FRAP, ABTS, non-protein thiols, and lipid peroxidation but a notable decrease in glycine betaine and flavonoids. Amounts of three main polyamines (putrescine, spermine, and spermidine) were quantified by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescent detection (HPLC/FLD) after derivatization with dansyl-chloride. Heat stress significantly increased putrescine levels in non-mycorrhized oak seedlings but had no effect on spermidine or spermine levels, whereas heat stress significantly increased all inspected polyamine levels in oak seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal inoculum. Spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) contents were significantly higher in ECM-inoculated plants during heat stress (approximately 940 and 630 nmol g<sup>−1</sup> DW, respectively), whereas these compounds were present in smaller amounts in non-mycorrhized oak seedlings (between 510 and 550 nmol g<sup>−1</sup> DW for Spd and between 350 and 450 nmol g<sup>−1</sup> DW for Spm). These findings supported the priming and biofertilizer roles of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the mitigation of heat stress in pedunculate oaks by modification of polyamines, phenolics, and osmotica content.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3360heat stress<i>Quercus robur</i>ectomycorrhizal fungipolyaminesosmolytesphenolics |
| spellingShingle | Marko Kebert Saša Kostić Eleonora Čapelja Vanja Vuksanović Srđan Stojnić Anđelina Gavranović Markić Milica Zlatković Marina Milović Vladislava Galović Saša Orlović Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Modulate Pedunculate Oak’s Heat Stress Responses through the Alternation of Polyamines, Phenolics, and Osmotica Content Plants heat stress <i>Quercus robur</i> ectomycorrhizal fungi polyamines osmolytes phenolics |
| title | Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Modulate Pedunculate Oak’s Heat Stress Responses through the Alternation of Polyamines, Phenolics, and Osmotica Content |
| title_full | Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Modulate Pedunculate Oak’s Heat Stress Responses through the Alternation of Polyamines, Phenolics, and Osmotica Content |
| title_fullStr | Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Modulate Pedunculate Oak’s Heat Stress Responses through the Alternation of Polyamines, Phenolics, and Osmotica Content |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Modulate Pedunculate Oak’s Heat Stress Responses through the Alternation of Polyamines, Phenolics, and Osmotica Content |
| title_short | Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Modulate Pedunculate Oak’s Heat Stress Responses through the Alternation of Polyamines, Phenolics, and Osmotica Content |
| title_sort | ectomycorrhizal fungi modulate pedunculate oak s heat stress responses through the alternation of polyamines phenolics and osmotica content |
| topic | heat stress <i>Quercus robur</i> ectomycorrhizal fungi polyamines osmolytes phenolics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3360 |
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