Polar and Non-Polar Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O:Sb Grown by MBE
The article presents a systematic study of Sb-doped Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O layers, with various concentrations of Mg, that were successfully grown by plasma-assisted MBE on polar <i>a</i>- and <i>c</i>-oriented and non-polar <i>r</i&g...
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| Format: | Article |
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2022-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/23/8409 |
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| author | Ewa Przezdziecka Karolina M Paradowska Rafal Jakiela Serhii Kryvyi Eunika Zielony Ewa Placzek-Popko Wojciech Lisowski Piotr Sybilski Dawid Jarosz Abinash Adhikari Marcin Stachowicz Adrian Kozanecki |
| author_facet | Ewa Przezdziecka Karolina M Paradowska Rafal Jakiela Serhii Kryvyi Eunika Zielony Ewa Placzek-Popko Wojciech Lisowski Piotr Sybilski Dawid Jarosz Abinash Adhikari Marcin Stachowicz Adrian Kozanecki |
| author_sort | Ewa Przezdziecka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The article presents a systematic study of Sb-doped Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O layers, with various concentrations of Mg, that were successfully grown by plasma-assisted MBE on polar <i>a</i>- and <i>c</i>-oriented and non-polar <i>r</i>-oriented sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction confirmed the polar <i>c</i>-orientation of alloys grown on <i>c</i>-and <i>a</i>-oriented sapphire and non-polar structures grown on <i>r</i>-oriented substrates. A uniform depth distribution of the Sb dopant at level of 2 × 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> was determined by SIMS measurements. Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of Sb-related modes in all samples. It also showed that Mg alloying reduces the compressive strain associated with Sb doping in ZnO. XPS analysis indicates that the chemical state of Sb atoms in ZnMgO is 3+, suggesting a substitutional position of Sb<sub>Zn</sub>, probably associated with two V<sub>Zn</sub> vacancies. Luminescence and transmission spectra were measured to determine the band gaps of the Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O layers. The band gap energies extracted from the transmittance measurements differ slightly for the <i>a</i>, <i>c</i>, and <i>r</i> substrate orientations, and the differences increase with increasing Mg content, despite identical growth conditions. The differences between the energy gaps, determined from transmission and PL peaks, are closely correlated with the Stokes shift and increase with the Mg content in the analyzed series of ZnMgO layers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:42:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d86464889834050bac37036bf3a8a3c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:42:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d86464889834050bac37036bf3a8a3c2023-11-24T11:27:46ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-11-011523840910.3390/ma15238409Polar and Non-Polar Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O:Sb Grown by MBEEwa Przezdziecka0Karolina M Paradowska1Rafal Jakiela2Serhii Kryvyi3Eunika Zielony4Ewa Placzek-Popko5Wojciech Lisowski6Piotr Sybilski7Dawid Jarosz8Abinash Adhikari9Marcin Stachowicz10Adrian Kozanecki11Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, PolandŁukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Quantum Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Quantum Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandInstitute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, 01-224 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Materials Engineering, Center for Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, University of Rzeszow, ul. Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, PolandInstitute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, PolandThe article presents a systematic study of Sb-doped Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O layers, with various concentrations of Mg, that were successfully grown by plasma-assisted MBE on polar <i>a</i>- and <i>c</i>-oriented and non-polar <i>r</i>-oriented sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction confirmed the polar <i>c</i>-orientation of alloys grown on <i>c</i>-and <i>a</i>-oriented sapphire and non-polar structures grown on <i>r</i>-oriented substrates. A uniform depth distribution of the Sb dopant at level of 2 × 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> was determined by SIMS measurements. Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of Sb-related modes in all samples. It also showed that Mg alloying reduces the compressive strain associated with Sb doping in ZnO. XPS analysis indicates that the chemical state of Sb atoms in ZnMgO is 3+, suggesting a substitutional position of Sb<sub>Zn</sub>, probably associated with two V<sub>Zn</sub> vacancies. Luminescence and transmission spectra were measured to determine the band gaps of the Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O layers. The band gap energies extracted from the transmittance measurements differ slightly for the <i>a</i>, <i>c</i>, and <i>r</i> substrate orientations, and the differences increase with increasing Mg content, despite identical growth conditions. The differences between the energy gaps, determined from transmission and PL peaks, are closely correlated with the Stokes shift and increase with the Mg content in the analyzed series of ZnMgO layers.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/23/8409ZnOMBERaman spectroscopysecondary ion mass spectroscopyoptical properties |
| spellingShingle | Ewa Przezdziecka Karolina M Paradowska Rafal Jakiela Serhii Kryvyi Eunika Zielony Ewa Placzek-Popko Wojciech Lisowski Piotr Sybilski Dawid Jarosz Abinash Adhikari Marcin Stachowicz Adrian Kozanecki Polar and Non-Polar Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O:Sb Grown by MBE Materials ZnO MBE Raman spectroscopy secondary ion mass spectroscopy optical properties |
| title | Polar and Non-Polar Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O:Sb Grown by MBE |
| title_full | Polar and Non-Polar Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O:Sb Grown by MBE |
| title_fullStr | Polar and Non-Polar Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O:Sb Grown by MBE |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polar and Non-Polar Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O:Sb Grown by MBE |
| title_short | Polar and Non-Polar Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O:Sb Grown by MBE |
| title_sort | polar and non polar zn sub 1 x sub mg sub x sub o sb grown by mbe |
| topic | ZnO MBE Raman spectroscopy secondary ion mass spectroscopy optical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/23/8409 |
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