Antibody-independent functions of B cells during viral infections.
The humoral immune response and antibody-mediated functions of B cells during viral infections are well described. However, we have limited understanding of antibody-independent B cell functions, such as cytokine production and antigen presentation, in acute and chronic viral infections and their ro...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2021-07-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009708 |
| _version_ | 1797867540084424704 |
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| author | Vinit Upasani Izabela Rodenhuis-Zybert Tineke Cantaert |
| author_facet | Vinit Upasani Izabela Rodenhuis-Zybert Tineke Cantaert |
| author_sort | Vinit Upasani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The humoral immune response and antibody-mediated functions of B cells during viral infections are well described. However, we have limited understanding of antibody-independent B cell functions, such as cytokine production and antigen presentation, in acute and chronic viral infections and their role in protection and/or immunopathogenesis. Here, we summarize the current literature on these antibody-independent B cell functions and identify remaining knowledge gaps. B cell subsets produce anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can have both beneficial and detrimental effects during viral clearance. As professional antigen presenting cells, B cells also play an important role in immune regulation/shaping of the developing adaptive immune responses. Since B cells primarily express TLR7 and TLR9, we specifically discuss the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated B cell responses to viral infections and their role in augmenting adaptive immunity through enhanced cytokine production and antigen presentation. However, viruses have evolved strategies to subvert TLR signaling and additional stimulation via B cell receptor (BCR) may be required to overcome the defective TLR response in B cells. To conclude, antibody-independent B cell functions seem to have an important role in regulating both acute and chronic viral infections and may form the basis for novel therapeutic approaches in treatment of viral infections in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T23:42:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d8c6397d73c4b94b33c2fee87183cea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T23:42:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d8c6397d73c4b94b33c2fee87183cea2023-03-18T05:31:45ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742021-07-01177e100970810.1371/journal.ppat.1009708Antibody-independent functions of B cells during viral infections.Vinit UpasaniIzabela Rodenhuis-ZybertTineke CantaertThe humoral immune response and antibody-mediated functions of B cells during viral infections are well described. However, we have limited understanding of antibody-independent B cell functions, such as cytokine production and antigen presentation, in acute and chronic viral infections and their role in protection and/or immunopathogenesis. Here, we summarize the current literature on these antibody-independent B cell functions and identify remaining knowledge gaps. B cell subsets produce anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can have both beneficial and detrimental effects during viral clearance. As professional antigen presenting cells, B cells also play an important role in immune regulation/shaping of the developing adaptive immune responses. Since B cells primarily express TLR7 and TLR9, we specifically discuss the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated B cell responses to viral infections and their role in augmenting adaptive immunity through enhanced cytokine production and antigen presentation. However, viruses have evolved strategies to subvert TLR signaling and additional stimulation via B cell receptor (BCR) may be required to overcome the defective TLR response in B cells. To conclude, antibody-independent B cell functions seem to have an important role in regulating both acute and chronic viral infections and may form the basis for novel therapeutic approaches in treatment of viral infections in the future.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009708 |
| spellingShingle | Vinit Upasani Izabela Rodenhuis-Zybert Tineke Cantaert Antibody-independent functions of B cells during viral infections. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | Antibody-independent functions of B cells during viral infections. |
| title_full | Antibody-independent functions of B cells during viral infections. |
| title_fullStr | Antibody-independent functions of B cells during viral infections. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibody-independent functions of B cells during viral infections. |
| title_short | Antibody-independent functions of B cells during viral infections. |
| title_sort | antibody independent functions of b cells during viral infections |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009708 |
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