Three-dimensional alignment of the upper extremity in the standing neutral position in healthy subjects
Abstract Background Though alignment of the spine and lower extremities in the standing neutral position has been evaluated, a few studies evaluating the alignment of the upper extremities have also been made. This study assessed the normal alignment of the upper extremities in the standing neutral...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-022-03113-5 |
| _version_ | 1798041673667706880 |
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| author | Yuki Yoshida Noboru Matsumura Yoshitake Yamada Satoshi Hiraga Kazunori Ishii Satoshi Oki Yoichi Yokoyama Minoru Yamada Masaya Nakamura Takeo Nagura Masahiro Jinzaki |
| author_facet | Yuki Yoshida Noboru Matsumura Yoshitake Yamada Satoshi Hiraga Kazunori Ishii Satoshi Oki Yoichi Yokoyama Minoru Yamada Masaya Nakamura Takeo Nagura Masahiro Jinzaki |
| author_sort | Yuki Yoshida |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Though alignment of the spine and lower extremities in the standing neutral position has been evaluated, a few studies evaluating the alignment of the upper extremities have also been made. This study assessed the normal alignment of the upper extremities in the standing neutral position and clarified the three-dimensional angular rotations of the upper extremity joints. Methods Computed tomography (CT) images of 158 upper extremities from 79 healthy volunteers were prospectively acquired in the standing neutral position using an upright CT scanner. Three-dimensional coordinate systems of the thorax, scapula, humerus, and forearm were designated, and three-dimensional angular rotations of the scapulothoracic, glenohumeral, and elbow joints were calculated. Results The median angle of the scapulothoracic joint was 9.2° (interquartile range [IQR], 5.2°–12.5°) of upward rotation, 29.0° (IQR, 24.9°–33.3°) of internal rotation, and 7.9° (IQR, 4.3°–11.8°) of anterior tilt. The median angle of the glenohumeral joint was 4.5° (IQR, 0.9°–7.8°) of abduction, 9.0° (IQR, 2.2°–19.0°) of internal rotation, and 0.3° (IQR, − 2.6°–3.1°) of extension. The median angle of the elbow joint was 9.8° (IQR, 6.9°–12.4°) of valgus, 90.2° (IQR, 79.6°–99.4°) of pronation, and 15.5° (IQR, 13.2°–18.1°) of flexion. Correlations in angular rotation values were found between the right and left upper extremities and between joints. Conclusions This study clarified the three-dimensional angular rotation of upper extremity joints in the standing neutral position using an upright CT scanner. Our results may provide important insights for the functional evaluation of upper extremity alignment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:24:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d8c9683a97a4aefa31a3a1eae0bd576 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1749-799X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:24:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d8c9683a97a4aefa31a3a1eae0bd5762022-12-22T03:59:46ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2022-04-011711910.1186/s13018-022-03113-5Three-dimensional alignment of the upper extremity in the standing neutral position in healthy subjectsYuki Yoshida0Noboru Matsumura1Yoshitake Yamada2Satoshi Hiraga3Kazunori Ishii4Satoshi Oki5Yoichi Yokoyama6Minoru Yamada7Masaya Nakamura8Takeo Nagura9Masahiro Jinzaki10Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineDepartment of Radiology, Keio University School of MedicineDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineDepartment of Radiology, Keio University School of MedicineDepartment of Radiology, Keio University School of MedicineDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineDepartment of Radiology, Keio University School of MedicineAbstract Background Though alignment of the spine and lower extremities in the standing neutral position has been evaluated, a few studies evaluating the alignment of the upper extremities have also been made. This study assessed the normal alignment of the upper extremities in the standing neutral position and clarified the three-dimensional angular rotations of the upper extremity joints. Methods Computed tomography (CT) images of 158 upper extremities from 79 healthy volunteers were prospectively acquired in the standing neutral position using an upright CT scanner. Three-dimensional coordinate systems of the thorax, scapula, humerus, and forearm were designated, and three-dimensional angular rotations of the scapulothoracic, glenohumeral, and elbow joints were calculated. Results The median angle of the scapulothoracic joint was 9.2° (interquartile range [IQR], 5.2°–12.5°) of upward rotation, 29.0° (IQR, 24.9°–33.3°) of internal rotation, and 7.9° (IQR, 4.3°–11.8°) of anterior tilt. The median angle of the glenohumeral joint was 4.5° (IQR, 0.9°–7.8°) of abduction, 9.0° (IQR, 2.2°–19.0°) of internal rotation, and 0.3° (IQR, − 2.6°–3.1°) of extension. The median angle of the elbow joint was 9.8° (IQR, 6.9°–12.4°) of valgus, 90.2° (IQR, 79.6°–99.4°) of pronation, and 15.5° (IQR, 13.2°–18.1°) of flexion. Correlations in angular rotation values were found between the right and left upper extremities and between joints. Conclusions This study clarified the three-dimensional angular rotation of upper extremity joints in the standing neutral position using an upright CT scanner. Our results may provide important insights for the functional evaluation of upper extremity alignment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-022-03113-5Neutral postureShoulderElbowScapulothoracic jointGlenohumeral jointUpright computed tomography |
| spellingShingle | Yuki Yoshida Noboru Matsumura Yoshitake Yamada Satoshi Hiraga Kazunori Ishii Satoshi Oki Yoichi Yokoyama Minoru Yamada Masaya Nakamura Takeo Nagura Masahiro Jinzaki Three-dimensional alignment of the upper extremity in the standing neutral position in healthy subjects Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research Neutral posture Shoulder Elbow Scapulothoracic joint Glenohumeral joint Upright computed tomography |
| title | Three-dimensional alignment of the upper extremity in the standing neutral position in healthy subjects |
| title_full | Three-dimensional alignment of the upper extremity in the standing neutral position in healthy subjects |
| title_fullStr | Three-dimensional alignment of the upper extremity in the standing neutral position in healthy subjects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three-dimensional alignment of the upper extremity in the standing neutral position in healthy subjects |
| title_short | Three-dimensional alignment of the upper extremity in the standing neutral position in healthy subjects |
| title_sort | three dimensional alignment of the upper extremity in the standing neutral position in healthy subjects |
| topic | Neutral posture Shoulder Elbow Scapulothoracic joint Glenohumeral joint Upright computed tomography |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-022-03113-5 |
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