Benchtop Low-Frequency 60 MHz NMR Analysis of Urine: A Comparative Metabolomics Investigation
Metabolomics techniques are now applied in numerous fields, with the ability to provide information concerning a large number of metabolites from a single sample in a short timeframe. Although high-frequency (HF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis represents a common method of choice to perfo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-04-01
|
| Series: | Metabolites |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/4/155 |
| _version_ | 1797570424881545216 |
|---|---|
| author | Justine Leenders Martin Grootveld Benita Percival Miles Gibson Federico Casanova Philippe B. Wilson |
| author_facet | Justine Leenders Martin Grootveld Benita Percival Miles Gibson Federico Casanova Philippe B. Wilson |
| author_sort | Justine Leenders |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metabolomics techniques are now applied in numerous fields, with the ability to provide information concerning a large number of metabolites from a single sample in a short timeframe. Although high-frequency (HF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis represents a common method of choice to perform such studies, few investigations employing low-frequency (LF) NMR spectrometers have yet been published. Herein, we apply and contrast LF and HF <sup>1</sup>H-NMR metabolomics approaches to the study of urine samples collected from type 2 diabetic patients (T2D), and apply a comparative investigation with healthy controls. Additionally, we explore the capabilities of LF <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H 2D correlation spectroscopy (COSY) experiments regarding the determination of metabolites, their resolution and associated analyses in human urine samples. T2D samples were readily distinguishable from controls, with several metabolites, particularly glucose, being associated with this distinction. Comparable results were obtained with HF and LF spectrometers. Linear correlation analyses were performed to derive relationships between the intensities of 1D and 2D resonances of several metabolites, and R<sup>2</sup> values obtained were able to confirm these, an observation attesting to the validity of employing 2D LF experiments for future applications in metabolomics studies. Our data suggest that LF spectrometers may prove to be easy-to-use, compact and inexpensive tools to perform routine metabolomics analyses in laboratories and ‘point-of-care’ sites. Furthermore, the quality of 2D spectra obtained from these instruments in half an hour would broaden the horizon of their potential applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:25:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d95aedacfe0484c82c8f805ec1dd915 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:25:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d95aedacfe0484c82c8f805ec1dd9152023-11-19T21:51:50ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892020-04-0110415510.3390/metabo10040155Benchtop Low-Frequency 60 MHz NMR Analysis of Urine: A Comparative Metabolomics InvestigationJustine Leenders0Martin Grootveld1Benita Percival2Miles Gibson3Federico Casanova4Philippe B. Wilson5Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE8 9BH, UKLeicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE8 9BH, UKLeicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE8 9BH, UKLeicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE8 9BH, UKMagritek Gmbh, Philipsstraße 8, 52068 Aachen, GermanyLeicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE8 9BH, UKMetabolomics techniques are now applied in numerous fields, with the ability to provide information concerning a large number of metabolites from a single sample in a short timeframe. Although high-frequency (HF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis represents a common method of choice to perform such studies, few investigations employing low-frequency (LF) NMR spectrometers have yet been published. Herein, we apply and contrast LF and HF <sup>1</sup>H-NMR metabolomics approaches to the study of urine samples collected from type 2 diabetic patients (T2D), and apply a comparative investigation with healthy controls. Additionally, we explore the capabilities of LF <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H 2D correlation spectroscopy (COSY) experiments regarding the determination of metabolites, their resolution and associated analyses in human urine samples. T2D samples were readily distinguishable from controls, with several metabolites, particularly glucose, being associated with this distinction. Comparable results were obtained with HF and LF spectrometers. Linear correlation analyses were performed to derive relationships between the intensities of 1D and 2D resonances of several metabolites, and R<sup>2</sup> values obtained were able to confirm these, an observation attesting to the validity of employing 2D LF experiments for future applications in metabolomics studies. Our data suggest that LF spectrometers may prove to be easy-to-use, compact and inexpensive tools to perform routine metabolomics analyses in laboratories and ‘point-of-care’ sites. Furthermore, the quality of 2D spectra obtained from these instruments in half an hour would broaden the horizon of their potential applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/4/155low-frequency NMRbenchtop spectrometerstype 2 diabetesmetabolomics<sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H COSY |
| spellingShingle | Justine Leenders Martin Grootveld Benita Percival Miles Gibson Federico Casanova Philippe B. Wilson Benchtop Low-Frequency 60 MHz NMR Analysis of Urine: A Comparative Metabolomics Investigation Metabolites low-frequency NMR benchtop spectrometers type 2 diabetes metabolomics <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H COSY |
| title | Benchtop Low-Frequency 60 MHz NMR Analysis of Urine: A Comparative Metabolomics Investigation |
| title_full | Benchtop Low-Frequency 60 MHz NMR Analysis of Urine: A Comparative Metabolomics Investigation |
| title_fullStr | Benchtop Low-Frequency 60 MHz NMR Analysis of Urine: A Comparative Metabolomics Investigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Benchtop Low-Frequency 60 MHz NMR Analysis of Urine: A Comparative Metabolomics Investigation |
| title_short | Benchtop Low-Frequency 60 MHz NMR Analysis of Urine: A Comparative Metabolomics Investigation |
| title_sort | benchtop low frequency 60 mhz nmr analysis of urine a comparative metabolomics investigation |
| topic | low-frequency NMR benchtop spectrometers type 2 diabetes metabolomics <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H COSY |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/4/155 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT justineleenders benchtoplowfrequency60mhznmranalysisofurineacomparativemetabolomicsinvestigation AT martingrootveld benchtoplowfrequency60mhznmranalysisofurineacomparativemetabolomicsinvestigation AT benitapercival benchtoplowfrequency60mhznmranalysisofurineacomparativemetabolomicsinvestigation AT milesgibson benchtoplowfrequency60mhznmranalysisofurineacomparativemetabolomicsinvestigation AT federicocasanova benchtoplowfrequency60mhznmranalysisofurineacomparativemetabolomicsinvestigation AT philippebwilson benchtoplowfrequency60mhznmranalysisofurineacomparativemetabolomicsinvestigation |