Activation of Host Cellular Signaling and Mechanism of Enterovirus 71 Viral Proteins Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Enteroviruses are members of the <i>Picornaviridae</i> family consisting of human enterovirus groups A, B, C, and D as well as nonhuman enteroviruses. Human enterovirus type 71 (EV71) has emerged as a major cause of viral encephalitis, known as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), in ch...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/10/2190 |
| _version_ | 1797469645810171904 |
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| author | Subrat Kumar Swain Subhasmita Panda Basanta Pravas Sahu Rachita Sarangi |
| author_facet | Subrat Kumar Swain Subhasmita Panda Basanta Pravas Sahu Rachita Sarangi |
| author_sort | Subrat Kumar Swain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Enteroviruses are members of the <i>Picornaviridae</i> family consisting of human enterovirus groups A, B, C, and D as well as nonhuman enteroviruses. Human enterovirus type 71 (EV71) has emerged as a major cause of viral encephalitis, known as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), in children worldwide, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. EV71 and coxsackievirus A16 are the two viruses responsible for HFMD which are members of group A enteroviruses. The identified EV71 receptors provide useful information for understanding viral replication and tissue tropism. Host factors interact with the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of EV71 to regulate viral translation. However, the specific molecular features of the respective viral genome that determine virulence remain unclear. Although a vaccine is currently approved, there is no effective therapy for treating EV71-infected patients. Therefore, understanding the host-pathogen interaction could provide knowledge in viral pathogenesis and further benefits to anti-viral therapy development. The aim of this study was to investigate the latest findings about the interaction of viral ligands with the host receptors as well as the activation of immunerelated signaling pathways for innate immunity and the involvement of different cytokines and chemokines during host-pathogen interaction. The study also examined the roles of viral proteins, mainly 2A and 3C protease, interferons production and their inhibitory effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:24:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d968b20ca7e4840a8ff2ad79023903d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:24:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d968b20ca7e4840a8ff2ad79023903d2023-11-24T03:09:04ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-10-011410219010.3390/v14102190Activation of Host Cellular Signaling and Mechanism of Enterovirus 71 Viral Proteins Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth DiseaseSubrat Kumar Swain0Subhasmita Panda1Basanta Pravas Sahu2Rachita Sarangi3Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be) University, Bhubaneswar 75003, IndiaDepartment of Paediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be) University, Bhubaneswar 75003, IndiaSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hongkong, ChinaDepartment of Paediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be) University, Bhubaneswar 75003, IndiaEnteroviruses are members of the <i>Picornaviridae</i> family consisting of human enterovirus groups A, B, C, and D as well as nonhuman enteroviruses. Human enterovirus type 71 (EV71) has emerged as a major cause of viral encephalitis, known as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), in children worldwide, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. EV71 and coxsackievirus A16 are the two viruses responsible for HFMD which are members of group A enteroviruses. The identified EV71 receptors provide useful information for understanding viral replication and tissue tropism. Host factors interact with the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of EV71 to regulate viral translation. However, the specific molecular features of the respective viral genome that determine virulence remain unclear. Although a vaccine is currently approved, there is no effective therapy for treating EV71-infected patients. Therefore, understanding the host-pathogen interaction could provide knowledge in viral pathogenesis and further benefits to anti-viral therapy development. The aim of this study was to investigate the latest findings about the interaction of viral ligands with the host receptors as well as the activation of immunerelated signaling pathways for innate immunity and the involvement of different cytokines and chemokines during host-pathogen interaction. The study also examined the roles of viral proteins, mainly 2A and 3C protease, interferons production and their inhibitory effects.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/10/2190Enterovirusviral proteinssignaling pathwayshost-pathogen interaction |
| spellingShingle | Subrat Kumar Swain Subhasmita Panda Basanta Pravas Sahu Rachita Sarangi Activation of Host Cellular Signaling and Mechanism of Enterovirus 71 Viral Proteins Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Viruses Enterovirus viral proteins signaling pathways host-pathogen interaction |
| title | Activation of Host Cellular Signaling and Mechanism of Enterovirus 71 Viral Proteins Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease |
| title_full | Activation of Host Cellular Signaling and Mechanism of Enterovirus 71 Viral Proteins Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease |
| title_fullStr | Activation of Host Cellular Signaling and Mechanism of Enterovirus 71 Viral Proteins Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activation of Host Cellular Signaling and Mechanism of Enterovirus 71 Viral Proteins Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease |
| title_short | Activation of Host Cellular Signaling and Mechanism of Enterovirus 71 Viral Proteins Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease |
| title_sort | activation of host cellular signaling and mechanism of enterovirus 71 viral proteins associated with hand foot and mouth disease |
| topic | Enterovirus viral proteins signaling pathways host-pathogen interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/10/2190 |
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