Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review
Leveraging the immune system to thwart cancer is not a novel strategy and has been explored via cancer vaccines and use of immunomodulators like interferons. However, it was not until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors that we realized the true potential of immunotherapy in combating c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7505 |
| _version_ | 1797551300178608128 |
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| author | Mary Cook Aman Chauhan |
| author_facet | Mary Cook Aman Chauhan |
| author_sort | Mary Cook |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leveraging the immune system to thwart cancer is not a novel strategy and has been explored via cancer vaccines and use of immunomodulators like interferons. However, it was not until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors that we realized the true potential of immunotherapy in combating cancer. Oncolytic viruses are one such immunotherapeutic tool that is currently being explored in cancer therapeutics. We present the most comprehensive systematic review of all oncolytic viruses in Phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials published to date. We performed a systematic review of all published clinical trials indexed in PubMed that utilized oncolytic viruses. Trials were reviewed for type of oncolytic virus used, method of administration, study design, disease type, primary outcome, and relevant adverse effects. A total of 120 trials were found; 86 trials were available for our review. Included were 60 phase I trials, five phase I/II combination trials, 19 phase II trials, and two phase III clinical trials. Oncolytic viruses are feverously being evaluated in oncology with over 30 different types of oncolytic viruses being explored either as a single agent or in combination with other antitumor agents. To date, only one oncolytic virus therapy has received an FDA approval but advances in bioengineering techniques and our understanding of immunomodulation to heighten oncolytic virus replication and improve tumor kill raises optimism for its future drug development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:42:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d9c48bcca7c4f1b9ee2b281f21099b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:42:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d9c48bcca7c4f1b9ee2b281f21099b52023-11-20T16:43:49ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-10-012120750510.3390/ijms21207505Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic ReviewMary Cook0Aman Chauhan1Department of Internal Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USADepartment of Internal Medicine-Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USALeveraging the immune system to thwart cancer is not a novel strategy and has been explored via cancer vaccines and use of immunomodulators like interferons. However, it was not until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors that we realized the true potential of immunotherapy in combating cancer. Oncolytic viruses are one such immunotherapeutic tool that is currently being explored in cancer therapeutics. We present the most comprehensive systematic review of all oncolytic viruses in Phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials published to date. We performed a systematic review of all published clinical trials indexed in PubMed that utilized oncolytic viruses. Trials were reviewed for type of oncolytic virus used, method of administration, study design, disease type, primary outcome, and relevant adverse effects. A total of 120 trials were found; 86 trials were available for our review. Included were 60 phase I trials, five phase I/II combination trials, 19 phase II trials, and two phase III clinical trials. Oncolytic viruses are feverously being evaluated in oncology with over 30 different types of oncolytic viruses being explored either as a single agent or in combination with other antitumor agents. To date, only one oncolytic virus therapy has received an FDA approval but advances in bioengineering techniques and our understanding of immunomodulation to heighten oncolytic virus replication and improve tumor kill raises optimism for its future drug development.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7505immunotherapyclinical trialsoncolytic viruses |
| spellingShingle | Mary Cook Aman Chauhan Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences immunotherapy clinical trials oncolytic viruses |
| title | Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | clinical application of oncolytic viruses a systematic review |
| topic | immunotherapy clinical trials oncolytic viruses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7505 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marycook clinicalapplicationofoncolyticvirusesasystematicreview AT amanchauhan clinicalapplicationofoncolyticvirusesasystematicreview |