Biocontrol Potential of Chitin and Chitosan Extracted from Black Soldier Fly Pupal Exuviae against Bacterial Wilt of Tomato
Globally, <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> (Smith) is ranked one of the most destructive bacterial pathogens inducing rapid and fatal wilting symptoms on tomatoes. Yield losses on tomatoes vary from 0 to 91% and most control measures are unaffordable to resource-poor farmers. This study inv...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/165 |
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| author | Violah Jepkogei Kemboi Carolyne Kipkoech Moses Njire Samuel Were Mevin Kiprotich Lagat Francis Ndwiga John Mwibanda Wesonga Chrysantus Mbi Tanga |
| author_facet | Violah Jepkogei Kemboi Carolyne Kipkoech Moses Njire Samuel Were Mevin Kiprotich Lagat Francis Ndwiga John Mwibanda Wesonga Chrysantus Mbi Tanga |
| author_sort | Violah Jepkogei Kemboi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Globally, <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> (Smith) is ranked one of the most destructive bacterial pathogens inducing rapid and fatal wilting symptoms on tomatoes. Yield losses on tomatoes vary from 0 to 91% and most control measures are unaffordable to resource-poor farmers. This study investigated the antimicrobial activities of chitin and chitosan extracted from black soldier fly (BSF) pupal exuviae against <i>R. solanacearum</i>. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques were used to isolate and characterize <i>R. solanacearum</i> for in vitro pathogenicity test using disc diffusion technique. Our results revealed that BSF chitosan significantly inhibited the growth of <i>R. solanacearum</i> when compared to treatments without chitosan. However, there was no significant difference in the antibacterial activities between BSF and commercial chitosan against <i>R. solanacearum</i>. Soil amended with BSF-chitin and chitosan demonstrated a reduction in bacterial wilt disease incidence by 30.31% and 34.95%, respectively. Whereas, disease severity was reduced by 22.57% and 23.66%, when inoculated tomato plants were subjected to soil amended with BSF chitin and chitosan, respectively. These findings have demonstrated that BSF pupal shells are an attractive renewable raw material for the recovery of valuable products (chitin and chitosan) with promising ability as a new type of eco-friendly control measure against bacterial wilt caused by <i>R</i>. <i>solanacearum</i>. Further studies should explore integrated pest management options that integrate multiple components including insect-based chitin and chitosan to manage bacterial wilt diseases, contributing significantly to increased tomato production worldwide. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:07Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d9e74e05b0045d5aeba10bb8f550db82023-11-23T14:48:17ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-01-0110116510.3390/microorganisms10010165Biocontrol Potential of Chitin and Chitosan Extracted from Black Soldier Fly Pupal Exuviae against Bacterial Wilt of TomatoViolah Jepkogei Kemboi0Carolyne Kipkoech1Moses Njire2Samuel Were3Mevin Kiprotich Lagat4Francis Ndwiga5John Mwibanda Wesonga6Chrysantus Mbi Tanga7Department of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000-02000, KenyaDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000-02000, KenyaDepartment of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000-02000, KenyaDepartment of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000-02000, KenyaDepartment of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000-02000, KenyaDepartment of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000-02000, KenyaDepartment of Horticulture and Food Security, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000-02000, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, KenyaGlobally, <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> (Smith) is ranked one of the most destructive bacterial pathogens inducing rapid and fatal wilting symptoms on tomatoes. Yield losses on tomatoes vary from 0 to 91% and most control measures are unaffordable to resource-poor farmers. This study investigated the antimicrobial activities of chitin and chitosan extracted from black soldier fly (BSF) pupal exuviae against <i>R. solanacearum</i>. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques were used to isolate and characterize <i>R. solanacearum</i> for in vitro pathogenicity test using disc diffusion technique. Our results revealed that BSF chitosan significantly inhibited the growth of <i>R. solanacearum</i> when compared to treatments without chitosan. However, there was no significant difference in the antibacterial activities between BSF and commercial chitosan against <i>R. solanacearum</i>. Soil amended with BSF-chitin and chitosan demonstrated a reduction in bacterial wilt disease incidence by 30.31% and 34.95%, respectively. Whereas, disease severity was reduced by 22.57% and 23.66%, when inoculated tomato plants were subjected to soil amended with BSF chitin and chitosan, respectively. These findings have demonstrated that BSF pupal shells are an attractive renewable raw material for the recovery of valuable products (chitin and chitosan) with promising ability as a new type of eco-friendly control measure against bacterial wilt caused by <i>R</i>. <i>solanacearum</i>. Further studies should explore integrated pest management options that integrate multiple components including insect-based chitin and chitosan to manage bacterial wilt diseases, contributing significantly to increased tomato production worldwide.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/165tomato bacterial wilt diseaseinsect pupal shellorganic soil amendmentintegrated pest management<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> |
| spellingShingle | Violah Jepkogei Kemboi Carolyne Kipkoech Moses Njire Samuel Were Mevin Kiprotich Lagat Francis Ndwiga John Mwibanda Wesonga Chrysantus Mbi Tanga Biocontrol Potential of Chitin and Chitosan Extracted from Black Soldier Fly Pupal Exuviae against Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Microorganisms tomato bacterial wilt disease insect pupal shell organic soil amendment integrated pest management <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> |
| title | Biocontrol Potential of Chitin and Chitosan Extracted from Black Soldier Fly Pupal Exuviae against Bacterial Wilt of Tomato |
| title_full | Biocontrol Potential of Chitin and Chitosan Extracted from Black Soldier Fly Pupal Exuviae against Bacterial Wilt of Tomato |
| title_fullStr | Biocontrol Potential of Chitin and Chitosan Extracted from Black Soldier Fly Pupal Exuviae against Bacterial Wilt of Tomato |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biocontrol Potential of Chitin and Chitosan Extracted from Black Soldier Fly Pupal Exuviae against Bacterial Wilt of Tomato |
| title_short | Biocontrol Potential of Chitin and Chitosan Extracted from Black Soldier Fly Pupal Exuviae against Bacterial Wilt of Tomato |
| title_sort | biocontrol potential of chitin and chitosan extracted from black soldier fly pupal exuviae against bacterial wilt of tomato |
| topic | tomato bacterial wilt disease insect pupal shell organic soil amendment integrated pest management <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/165 |
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