Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolites and Electrolytes During Winter Survival Training in Male Soldiers
The aim of this study was to examine changes in body composition, energy metabolites and electrolytes during a 10-day winter survival training period. Two groups of male soldiers were examined: the REC group (n = 26; age 19.7 ± 1.2 years; BMI 23.9 ± 2.7) had recovery period between days 6 and 8 in t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.797268/full |
| _version_ | 1819281052854648832 |
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| author | Tarja Nykänen Tommi Ojanen Risto Heikkinen Mikael Fogelholm Heikki Kyröläinen Heikki Kyröläinen |
| author_facet | Tarja Nykänen Tommi Ojanen Risto Heikkinen Mikael Fogelholm Heikki Kyröläinen Heikki Kyröläinen |
| author_sort | Tarja Nykänen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to examine changes in body composition, energy metabolites and electrolytes during a 10-day winter survival training period. Two groups of male soldiers were examined: the REC group (n = 26; age 19.7 ± 1.2 years; BMI 23.9 ± 2.7) had recovery period between days 6 and 8 in the survival training, whereas the EXC group (n = 42; age 19.6 ± 0.8 years; BMI 23.1 ± 2.8) did not. The following data were collected: body composition (bioimpedance), energy balance (food diaries, heart rate variability measurements), and biomarkers (blood samples). In survival training, estimated energy balance was highly negative: −4,323 ± 1,515 kcal/d (EXC) and −4,635 ± 1,742 kcal/d (REC). Between days 1 and 10, body mass decreased by 3.9% (EXC) and 3.0% (REC). On day 6, free fatty acid and urea levels increased, whereas leptin, glucose and potassium decreased in all. Recovery period temporarily reversed some of the changes (body mass, leptin, free fatty acids, and urea) toward baseline levels. Survival training caused a severe energy deficit and reductions in body mass. The early stage of military survival training seems to alter energy, hormonal and fluid metabolism, but these effects disappear after an active recovery period. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T00:53:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9da3f44aefba492d9477ed010e220541 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T00:53:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9da3f44aefba492d9477ed010e2205412022-12-21T17:23:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2022-02-011310.3389/fphys.2022.797268797268Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolites and Electrolytes During Winter Survival Training in Male SoldiersTarja Nykänen0Tommi Ojanen1Risto Heikkinen2Mikael Fogelholm3Heikki Kyröläinen4Heikki Kyröläinen5Army Academy, Finnish Defence Forces, Lappeenranta, FinlandFinnish Defence Research Agency, Finnish Defence Forces, Tuusula, FinlandStatistical Analysis Services, Analyysitoimisto Statisti Oy, Jyväskylä, FinlandDepartment of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FinlandFinnish Defence Forces, National Defence University, Helsinki, FinlandThe aim of this study was to examine changes in body composition, energy metabolites and electrolytes during a 10-day winter survival training period. Two groups of male soldiers were examined: the REC group (n = 26; age 19.7 ± 1.2 years; BMI 23.9 ± 2.7) had recovery period between days 6 and 8 in the survival training, whereas the EXC group (n = 42; age 19.6 ± 0.8 years; BMI 23.1 ± 2.8) did not. The following data were collected: body composition (bioimpedance), energy balance (food diaries, heart rate variability measurements), and biomarkers (blood samples). In survival training, estimated energy balance was highly negative: −4,323 ± 1,515 kcal/d (EXC) and −4,635 ± 1,742 kcal/d (REC). Between days 1 and 10, body mass decreased by 3.9% (EXC) and 3.0% (REC). On day 6, free fatty acid and urea levels increased, whereas leptin, glucose and potassium decreased in all. Recovery period temporarily reversed some of the changes (body mass, leptin, free fatty acids, and urea) toward baseline levels. Survival training caused a severe energy deficit and reductions in body mass. The early stage of military survival training seems to alter energy, hormonal and fluid metabolism, but these effects disappear after an active recovery period.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.797268/fullmilitary trainingenergy deficitfat massbiomarkersrecovery |
| spellingShingle | Tarja Nykänen Tommi Ojanen Risto Heikkinen Mikael Fogelholm Heikki Kyröläinen Heikki Kyröläinen Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolites and Electrolytes During Winter Survival Training in Male Soldiers Frontiers in Physiology military training energy deficit fat mass biomarkers recovery |
| title | Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolites and Electrolytes During Winter Survival Training in Male Soldiers |
| title_full | Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolites and Electrolytes During Winter Survival Training in Male Soldiers |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolites and Electrolytes During Winter Survival Training in Male Soldiers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolites and Electrolytes During Winter Survival Training in Male Soldiers |
| title_short | Changes in Body Composition, Energy Metabolites and Electrolytes During Winter Survival Training in Male Soldiers |
| title_sort | changes in body composition energy metabolites and electrolytes during winter survival training in male soldiers |
| topic | military training energy deficit fat mass biomarkers recovery |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.797268/full |
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