Multifunctional Immunoadjuvants for Use in Minimalist Nucleic Acid Vaccines
Subunit vaccines based on antigen-encoding nucleic acids have shown great promise for antigen-specific immunization against cancer and infectious diseases. Vaccines require immunostimulatory adjuvants to activate the innate immune system and trigger specific adaptive immune responses. However, the i...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/5/644 |
| _version_ | 1797535498270408704 |
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| author | Saed Abbasi Satoshi Uchida |
| author_facet | Saed Abbasi Satoshi Uchida |
| author_sort | Saed Abbasi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Subunit vaccines based on antigen-encoding nucleic acids have shown great promise for antigen-specific immunization against cancer and infectious diseases. Vaccines require immunostimulatory adjuvants to activate the innate immune system and trigger specific adaptive immune responses. However, the incorporation of immunoadjuvants into nonviral nucleic acid delivery systems often results in fairly complex structures that are difficult to mass-produce and characterize. In recent years, minimalist approaches have emerged to reduce the number of components used in vaccines. In these approaches, delivery materials, such as lipids and polymers, and/or pDNA/mRNA are designed to simultaneously possess several functionalities of immunostimulatory adjuvants. Such multifunctional immunoadjuvants encode antigens, encapsulate nucleic acids, and control their pharmacokinetic or cellular fate. Herein, we review a diverse class of multifunctional immunoadjuvants in nucleic acid subunit vaccines and provide a detailed description of their mechanisms of adjuvanticity and induction of specific immune responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:46:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9da51f3341d34c59b29d1babccb3f1a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:46:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-9da51f3341d34c59b29d1babccb3f1a02023-11-21T18:05:49ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232021-05-0113564410.3390/pharmaceutics13050644Multifunctional Immunoadjuvants for Use in Minimalist Nucleic Acid VaccinesSaed Abbasi0Satoshi Uchida1Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, JapanInnovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, JapanSubunit vaccines based on antigen-encoding nucleic acids have shown great promise for antigen-specific immunization against cancer and infectious diseases. Vaccines require immunostimulatory adjuvants to activate the innate immune system and trigger specific adaptive immune responses. However, the incorporation of immunoadjuvants into nonviral nucleic acid delivery systems often results in fairly complex structures that are difficult to mass-produce and characterize. In recent years, minimalist approaches have emerged to reduce the number of components used in vaccines. In these approaches, delivery materials, such as lipids and polymers, and/or pDNA/mRNA are designed to simultaneously possess several functionalities of immunostimulatory adjuvants. Such multifunctional immunoadjuvants encode antigens, encapsulate nucleic acids, and control their pharmacokinetic or cellular fate. Herein, we review a diverse class of multifunctional immunoadjuvants in nucleic acid subunit vaccines and provide a detailed description of their mechanisms of adjuvanticity and induction of specific immune responses.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/5/644pDNAmRNAsubunit vaccineadjuvantnonviral vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Saed Abbasi Satoshi Uchida Multifunctional Immunoadjuvants for Use in Minimalist Nucleic Acid Vaccines Pharmaceutics pDNA mRNA subunit vaccine adjuvant nonviral vaccine |
| title | Multifunctional Immunoadjuvants for Use in Minimalist Nucleic Acid Vaccines |
| title_full | Multifunctional Immunoadjuvants for Use in Minimalist Nucleic Acid Vaccines |
| title_fullStr | Multifunctional Immunoadjuvants for Use in Minimalist Nucleic Acid Vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multifunctional Immunoadjuvants for Use in Minimalist Nucleic Acid Vaccines |
| title_short | Multifunctional Immunoadjuvants for Use in Minimalist Nucleic Acid Vaccines |
| title_sort | multifunctional immunoadjuvants for use in minimalist nucleic acid vaccines |
| topic | pDNA mRNA subunit vaccine adjuvant nonviral vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/5/644 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT saedabbasi multifunctionalimmunoadjuvantsforuseinminimalistnucleicacidvaccines AT satoshiuchida multifunctionalimmunoadjuvantsforuseinminimalistnucleicacidvaccines |