Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and its Metabolic Characteristics among Yemeni Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Thekra Al-Zubairi, Molham AL-Habori, Riyadh Saif-Ali Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana`a, Sana`a, YemenCorrespondence: Molham AL-Habori Email malhabori@hotmail.comPurpose: Although there is ample data about the prevalence of...
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Dove Medical Press
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/latent-autoimmune-diabetes-in-adults-lada-and-its-metabolic-characteri-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSO |
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| author | Al-Zubairi T AL-Habori M Saif-Ali R |
| author_facet | Al-Zubairi T AL-Habori M Saif-Ali R |
| author_sort | Al-Zubairi T |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thekra Al-Zubairi, Molham AL-Habori, Riyadh Saif-Ali Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana`a, Sana`a, YemenCorrespondence: Molham AL-Habori Email malhabori@hotmail.comPurpose: Although there is ample data about the prevalence of diabetes in the Middle East, little is known about the prevalence and features of autoimmune diabetes in this region. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and metabolic characteristics of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) amongst Yemeni Type 2 DM patients.Patients and Methods: In this cross-section study, 270 Type 2 DM patients aged 30– 70 years were recruited from the National Diabetes Center, Al-Thowra Hospital, Sana’a city, during the period November 2015 to August 2016. All Type 2 DM patients were diagnosed within 5 years and who did not require insulin for a minimum of 6 months following diagnosis. Levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) were measured in all patients, and LADA was diagnosed in patients testing positive for anti-GAD antibodies. Further, biochemical analysis was carried out including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and lipid profile. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) were calculated.Results: The prevalence of LADA, as defined by GADA-positive, amongst patient with Type 2 DM was 4.4%; with no significant difference in the prevalence between male (5.8%) and female (3.4%). LADA patients were younger than GADA-negative Type 2 DM. Body mass index, waist circumference, insulin and HOMA-β were significantly lower in LADA patients, whereas triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-c and HOMA-IR were non-significantly lower with respect to Type 2 DM. In contrast, FBG and HbA1c were significantly higher in LADA patients. Moreover, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly lower in LADA as compared with Type 2 DM. Only 2 out of the 12 GADA-positive (16.7%) were on insulin treatment at the time of the study.Conclusion: The prevalence of LADA in Yemeni Type 2 DM is lower than many of those reported in the literature, with no gender preference. Metabolic syndrome was significantly lower in LADA patients. Patients with LADA share insulin resistance with Type 2 DM but display a more severe defect in β-cell function, thus highlighting the importance of an early diagnosis of LADA, to correctly treat LADA patients, allowing safe and effective therapies.Keywords: latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, Type 2 DM, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:38:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9dbb8141d4c44e70bc140a57f1e536cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-7007 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:38:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity |
| spelling | doaj.art-9dbb8141d4c44e70bc140a57f1e536cc2023-02-02T00:02:29ZengDove Medical PressDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity1178-70072021-10-01Volume 144223423269695Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and its Metabolic Characteristics among Yemeni Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus PatientsAl-Zubairi TAL-Habori MSaif-Ali RThekra Al-Zubairi, Molham AL-Habori, Riyadh Saif-Ali Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana`a, Sana`a, YemenCorrespondence: Molham AL-Habori Email malhabori@hotmail.comPurpose: Although there is ample data about the prevalence of diabetes in the Middle East, little is known about the prevalence and features of autoimmune diabetes in this region. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and metabolic characteristics of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) amongst Yemeni Type 2 DM patients.Patients and Methods: In this cross-section study, 270 Type 2 DM patients aged 30– 70 years were recruited from the National Diabetes Center, Al-Thowra Hospital, Sana’a city, during the period November 2015 to August 2016. All Type 2 DM patients were diagnosed within 5 years and who did not require insulin for a minimum of 6 months following diagnosis. Levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) were measured in all patients, and LADA was diagnosed in patients testing positive for anti-GAD antibodies. Further, biochemical analysis was carried out including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and lipid profile. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) were calculated.Results: The prevalence of LADA, as defined by GADA-positive, amongst patient with Type 2 DM was 4.4%; with no significant difference in the prevalence between male (5.8%) and female (3.4%). LADA patients were younger than GADA-negative Type 2 DM. Body mass index, waist circumference, insulin and HOMA-β were significantly lower in LADA patients, whereas triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-c and HOMA-IR were non-significantly lower with respect to Type 2 DM. In contrast, FBG and HbA1c were significantly higher in LADA patients. Moreover, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly lower in LADA as compared with Type 2 DM. Only 2 out of the 12 GADA-positive (16.7%) were on insulin treatment at the time of the study.Conclusion: The prevalence of LADA in Yemeni Type 2 DM is lower than many of those reported in the literature, with no gender preference. Metabolic syndrome was significantly lower in LADA patients. Patients with LADA share insulin resistance with Type 2 DM but display a more severe defect in β-cell function, thus highlighting the importance of an early diagnosis of LADA, to correctly treat LADA patients, allowing safe and effective therapies.Keywords: latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, Type 2 DM, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodyhttps://www.dovepress.com/latent-autoimmune-diabetes-in-adults-lada-and-its-metabolic-characteri-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSOlatent autoimmune diabetes in adultstype 2 dmmetabolic syndromeinsulin resistanceglutamic acid decarboxylase antibody |
| spellingShingle | Al-Zubairi T AL-Habori M Saif-Ali R Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and its Metabolic Characteristics among Yemeni Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity latent autoimmune diabetes in adults type 2 dm metabolic syndrome insulin resistance glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody |
| title | Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and its Metabolic Characteristics among Yemeni Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
| title_full | Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and its Metabolic Characteristics among Yemeni Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
| title_fullStr | Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and its Metabolic Characteristics among Yemeni Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and its Metabolic Characteristics among Yemeni Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
| title_short | Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and its Metabolic Characteristics among Yemeni Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
| title_sort | latent autoimmune diabetes in adults lada and its metabolic characteristics among yemeni type 2 diabetes mellitus patients |
| topic | latent autoimmune diabetes in adults type 2 dm metabolic syndrome insulin resistance glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/latent-autoimmune-diabetes-in-adults-lada-and-its-metabolic-characteri-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSO |
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