Impact of Genotype, Environment, and Malting Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content in US Malting Barley
The phenolic content and antioxidant potential of malting barley are important in brewing. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of barley genotype, growing environment, and malting conditions on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of malting barley grown in Nor...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Fermentation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/6/2/48 |
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| author | Bing Zhou Zhao Jin Paul Schwarz Yin Li |
| author_facet | Bing Zhou Zhao Jin Paul Schwarz Yin Li |
| author_sort | Bing Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The phenolic content and antioxidant potential of malting barley are important in brewing. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of barley genotype, growing environment, and malting conditions on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of malting barley grown in North America. Eight barley cultivars grown at three locations over three years were used. For the malting study, a single barley cultivar, separated into different kernel size fractions, was germinated for various periods of time and then processed by kilning or freeze-drying. Total phenolic content (TPC) and some of the antioxidant activities, including DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities, reducing power, and iron (II) chelating activity, were significantly impacted by the barley genotype, growth environment, and their interactions. The TPC and most antioxidant activities were also influenced by malting conditions and were generally higher in the malted barleys of the thin kernel size fraction, four-day germination, and in samples processed by kilning, when compared to the plumper kernel size fractions, one and two days of germination, and freeze-dried samples, respectively. There were interactions between malting parameters, and stepwise regression analysis was used to suggest the contribution of each parameter to the TPC and antioxidant activities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:09:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9dbc52a7d39f4e5b9f8ed1a167ff50fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:09:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj.art-9dbc52a7d39f4e5b9f8ed1a167ff50fd2023-11-19T23:00:56ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372020-04-01624810.3390/fermentation6020048Impact of Genotype, Environment, and Malting Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content in US Malting BarleyBing Zhou0Zhao Jin1Paul Schwarz2Yin Li3Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaDepartment of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University. P.O. 5051, Fargo, ND 58105, USADepartment of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University. P.O. 5051, Fargo, ND 58105, USAMalteurop North America., Milwaukee, WI 53215, USAThe phenolic content and antioxidant potential of malting barley are important in brewing. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of barley genotype, growing environment, and malting conditions on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of malting barley grown in North America. Eight barley cultivars grown at three locations over three years were used. For the malting study, a single barley cultivar, separated into different kernel size fractions, was germinated for various periods of time and then processed by kilning or freeze-drying. Total phenolic content (TPC) and some of the antioxidant activities, including DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities, reducing power, and iron (II) chelating activity, were significantly impacted by the barley genotype, growth environment, and their interactions. The TPC and most antioxidant activities were also influenced by malting conditions and were generally higher in the malted barleys of the thin kernel size fraction, four-day germination, and in samples processed by kilning, when compared to the plumper kernel size fractions, one and two days of germination, and freeze-dried samples, respectively. There were interactions between malting parameters, and stepwise regression analysis was used to suggest the contribution of each parameter to the TPC and antioxidant activities.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/6/2/48barleygenotypeenvironmentmaltingantioxidant activityphenolic content |
| spellingShingle | Bing Zhou Zhao Jin Paul Schwarz Yin Li Impact of Genotype, Environment, and Malting Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content in US Malting Barley Fermentation barley genotype environment malting antioxidant activity phenolic content |
| title | Impact of Genotype, Environment, and Malting Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content in US Malting Barley |
| title_full | Impact of Genotype, Environment, and Malting Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content in US Malting Barley |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Genotype, Environment, and Malting Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content in US Malting Barley |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Genotype, Environment, and Malting Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content in US Malting Barley |
| title_short | Impact of Genotype, Environment, and Malting Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content in US Malting Barley |
| title_sort | impact of genotype environment and malting conditions on the antioxidant activity and phenolic content in us malting barley |
| topic | barley genotype environment malting antioxidant activity phenolic content |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/6/2/48 |
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