Chitosan-Induced Physiological and Biochemical Regulations Confer Drought Tolerance in Pot Marigold (<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.)
Severe water stress conditions limit growth and development of floricultural crops which affects flower quality. Hence, development of effective approaches for drought tolerance is crucial to limit recurring water deficit challenges. Foliar application of various plant growth regulators has been eva...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/474 |
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| author | Gulzar Akhtar Hafiz Nazar Faried Kashif Razzaq Sami Ullah Fahad Masoud Wattoo Muhammad Asif Shehzad Yasar Sajjad Muhammad Ahsan Talha Javed Eldessoky S. Dessoky Nader R. Abdelsalam Muhammad Sohaib Chattha |
| author_facet | Gulzar Akhtar Hafiz Nazar Faried Kashif Razzaq Sami Ullah Fahad Masoud Wattoo Muhammad Asif Shehzad Yasar Sajjad Muhammad Ahsan Talha Javed Eldessoky S. Dessoky Nader R. Abdelsalam Muhammad Sohaib Chattha |
| author_sort | Gulzar Akhtar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Severe water stress conditions limit growth and development of floricultural crops which affects flower quality. Hence, development of effective approaches for drought tolerance is crucial to limit recurring water deficit challenges. Foliar application of various plant growth regulators has been evaluated to improve drought tolerance in different floricultural crops; however, reports regarding the role of chitosan (Ci) on seasonal flowers like calendula are still scant. Therefore, we evaluated the role of Ci foliar application on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and anatomical parameters of calendula under water stress conditions. Different doses of Ci (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) were applied through foliar application to evaluate their impact in enhancing growth and photosynthetic pigments of calendula. The optimized Ci level of 7.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup> was further evaluated to study mechanisms of water stress tolerance in calendula. Ci application significantly increased biomass and pigments in calendula. Ci (7.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) resulted in increased photosynthetic rate (72.98%), transpiration rate (62.11%), stomatal conductance (59.54%), sub-stomatal conductance (20.62%), and water use efficiency (84.93%). Furthermore, it improved catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase by 56.70%, 64.94%, and 32.41%, respectively. These results highlighted the significance of Ci in inducing drought tolerance in pot marigold. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:49:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9dbca64ffce24ddf812670d37be7bb1f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:49:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-9dbca64ffce24ddf812670d37be7bb1f2023-11-23T18:22:39ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-02-0112247410.3390/agronomy12020474Chitosan-Induced Physiological and Biochemical Regulations Confer Drought Tolerance in Pot Marigold (<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.)Gulzar Akhtar0Hafiz Nazar Faried1Kashif Razzaq2Sami Ullah3Fahad Masoud Wattoo4Muhammad Asif Shehzad5Yasar Sajjad6Muhammad Ahsan7Talha Javed8Eldessoky S. Dessoky9Nader R. Abdelsalam10Muhammad Sohaib Chattha11Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, PakistanDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 43600, PakistanDepartment of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, PakistanDepartment of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad-Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22010, PakistanDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaAgricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, EgyptSchool of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USASevere water stress conditions limit growth and development of floricultural crops which affects flower quality. Hence, development of effective approaches for drought tolerance is crucial to limit recurring water deficit challenges. Foliar application of various plant growth regulators has been evaluated to improve drought tolerance in different floricultural crops; however, reports regarding the role of chitosan (Ci) on seasonal flowers like calendula are still scant. Therefore, we evaluated the role of Ci foliar application on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and anatomical parameters of calendula under water stress conditions. Different doses of Ci (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) were applied through foliar application to evaluate their impact in enhancing growth and photosynthetic pigments of calendula. The optimized Ci level of 7.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup> was further evaluated to study mechanisms of water stress tolerance in calendula. Ci application significantly increased biomass and pigments in calendula. Ci (7.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) resulted in increased photosynthetic rate (72.98%), transpiration rate (62.11%), stomatal conductance (59.54%), sub-stomatal conductance (20.62%), and water use efficiency (84.93%). Furthermore, it improved catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase by 56.70%, 64.94%, and 32.41%, respectively. These results highlighted the significance of Ci in inducing drought tolerance in pot marigold.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/474annual flowerfloriculturephysiologydroughtchitosan |
| spellingShingle | Gulzar Akhtar Hafiz Nazar Faried Kashif Razzaq Sami Ullah Fahad Masoud Wattoo Muhammad Asif Shehzad Yasar Sajjad Muhammad Ahsan Talha Javed Eldessoky S. Dessoky Nader R. Abdelsalam Muhammad Sohaib Chattha Chitosan-Induced Physiological and Biochemical Regulations Confer Drought Tolerance in Pot Marigold (<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.) Agronomy annual flower floriculture physiology drought chitosan |
| title | Chitosan-Induced Physiological and Biochemical Regulations Confer Drought Tolerance in Pot Marigold (<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.) |
| title_full | Chitosan-Induced Physiological and Biochemical Regulations Confer Drought Tolerance in Pot Marigold (<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Chitosan-Induced Physiological and Biochemical Regulations Confer Drought Tolerance in Pot Marigold (<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chitosan-Induced Physiological and Biochemical Regulations Confer Drought Tolerance in Pot Marigold (<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.) |
| title_short | Chitosan-Induced Physiological and Biochemical Regulations Confer Drought Tolerance in Pot Marigold (<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.) |
| title_sort | chitosan induced physiological and biochemical regulations confer drought tolerance in pot marigold i calendula officinalis i l |
| topic | annual flower floriculture physiology drought chitosan |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/474 |
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