Heavy metal contents in salted fish retailed in Egypt: Dietary intakes and health risk assessment
Background: In Egypt, salted fish is considered a typical processed fish, including salted sardine, salted mullet (feseikh), keeled mullet (sahlia), and herrings. High-quality protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vital amino acids, and trace minerals like magnesium and calcium are all abundant in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Tripoli University
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Open Veterinary Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=182101 |
| _version_ | 1797357170751176704 |
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| author | Alaa Eldin M.A. Morshdy Ahmed E. Tharwat Hassan Maarouf Maha Moustafa Wageh S. Darwish Waleed R. El-Ghareeb Abdullah F. Alsayeqh Nafissa A. Mustafa |
| author_facet | Alaa Eldin M.A. Morshdy Ahmed E. Tharwat Hassan Maarouf Maha Moustafa Wageh S. Darwish Waleed R. El-Ghareeb Abdullah F. Alsayeqh Nafissa A. Mustafa |
| author_sort | Alaa Eldin M.A. Morshdy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:
In Egypt, salted fish is considered a typical processed fish, including salted sardine, salted mullet (feseikh), keeled mullet (sahlia), and herrings. High-quality protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vital amino acids, and trace minerals like magnesium and calcium are all abundant in fish. However, eating salted fish can expose people to toxins found in the environment, like heavy metals.
Aim:
In Zagazig, Egypt, four types of locally produced salted fish—salted sardine, feseikh, sahlia, and herrings—were tested for heavy metals, specifically lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg). Second, the assessed heavy metals linked to the Egyptian population's consumption of salted fish were used to calculate estimated daily intakes (EDI) and potential health hazards, such as hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI).
Methods:
Samples of salted herrings, feseikh, sahlia, and sardines were gathered from the markets in Zagazig. Samples of salted fish were subjected to acid digestion and then heavy metal extraction. Atomic absorption spectrometers (AAS) were used to measure heavy metals. HI, HQ, and EDI were computed computationally.
Results:
With the exception of mercury, which was not found in the salted herrings, the recorded results showed that all of the tested metals were present in the samples that were evaluated. The Herrings contained residual Pb and Cd contents that were highest, followed by sardine, feseikh, and sahlia, in that order. After sardine, herrings, and sahlia, Feseikh has the greatest As concentration. Sardine, feseikh, and sahlia had the highest quantities of mercury, in that order. A number of samples were found to be above the maximum allowable levels. There were no apparent hazards associated with consuming such conventional fish products, according to the computed HQ and HI values for the heavy metals under investigation based on the daily intakes.
Conclusion:
Samples of salted fish sold in Zagazig, Egypt, had high quantities of the hazardous elements Pb, Cd, As, and Hg. Due to the bioaccumulation and biomagnification characteristics of these studied metals, such data should be taken carefully even though the computed health hazards revealed no potential problems. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(12.000): 1738-1743] |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:39:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9dc040832de54e80bf55aee51d968828 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2226-4485 2218-6050 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:39:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Tripoli University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Veterinary Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-9dc040832de54e80bf55aee51d9688282024-01-11T18:57:12ZengTripoli UniversityOpen Veterinary Journal2226-44852218-60502023-12-0113121738174310.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.22182101Heavy metal contents in salted fish retailed in Egypt: Dietary intakes and health risk assessmentAlaa Eldin M.A. Morshdy0Ahmed E. Tharwat1Hassan Maarouf2Maha Moustafa3Wageh S. Darwish4Waleed R. El-Ghareeb5Abdullah F. Alsayeqh6Nafissa A. Mustafa7Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt Food Control Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Branch, Zagazig, Egypt Food Control Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Branch, Zagazig, Egypt Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, KSA, P.O. Box: 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia Educational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptBackground: In Egypt, salted fish is considered a typical processed fish, including salted sardine, salted mullet (feseikh), keeled mullet (sahlia), and herrings. High-quality protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vital amino acids, and trace minerals like magnesium and calcium are all abundant in fish. However, eating salted fish can expose people to toxins found in the environment, like heavy metals. Aim: In Zagazig, Egypt, four types of locally produced salted fish—salted sardine, feseikh, sahlia, and herrings—were tested for heavy metals, specifically lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg). Second, the assessed heavy metals linked to the Egyptian population's consumption of salted fish were used to calculate estimated daily intakes (EDI) and potential health hazards, such as hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). Methods: Samples of salted herrings, feseikh, sahlia, and sardines were gathered from the markets in Zagazig. Samples of salted fish were subjected to acid digestion and then heavy metal extraction. Atomic absorption spectrometers (AAS) were used to measure heavy metals. HI, HQ, and EDI were computed computationally. Results: With the exception of mercury, which was not found in the salted herrings, the recorded results showed that all of the tested metals were present in the samples that were evaluated. The Herrings contained residual Pb and Cd contents that were highest, followed by sardine, feseikh, and sahlia, in that order. After sardine, herrings, and sahlia, Feseikh has the greatest As concentration. Sardine, feseikh, and sahlia had the highest quantities of mercury, in that order. A number of samples were found to be above the maximum allowable levels. There were no apparent hazards associated with consuming such conventional fish products, according to the computed HQ and HI values for the heavy metals under investigation based on the daily intakes. Conclusion: Samples of salted fish sold in Zagazig, Egypt, had high quantities of the hazardous elements Pb, Cd, As, and Hg. Due to the bioaccumulation and biomagnification characteristics of these studied metals, such data should be taken carefully even though the computed health hazards revealed no potential problems. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(12.000): 1738-1743]https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=182101heavy metalssalted fishestimated daily intakeshealth risk assessmentegypt |
| spellingShingle | Alaa Eldin M.A. Morshdy Ahmed E. Tharwat Hassan Maarouf Maha Moustafa Wageh S. Darwish Waleed R. El-Ghareeb Abdullah F. Alsayeqh Nafissa A. Mustafa Heavy metal contents in salted fish retailed in Egypt: Dietary intakes and health risk assessment Open Veterinary Journal heavy metals salted fish estimated daily intakes health risk assessment egypt |
| title | Heavy metal contents in salted fish retailed in Egypt: Dietary intakes and health risk assessment |
| title_full | Heavy metal contents in salted fish retailed in Egypt: Dietary intakes and health risk assessment |
| title_fullStr | Heavy metal contents in salted fish retailed in Egypt: Dietary intakes and health risk assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heavy metal contents in salted fish retailed in Egypt: Dietary intakes and health risk assessment |
| title_short | Heavy metal contents in salted fish retailed in Egypt: Dietary intakes and health risk assessment |
| title_sort | heavy metal contents in salted fish retailed in egypt dietary intakes and health risk assessment |
| topic | heavy metals salted fish estimated daily intakes health risk assessment egypt |
| url | https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=182101 |
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