Phytochemical and biological activity profiles of Thymbra linearifolia: An exclusively native species of Libyan Green mountains
Thymbra linearifolia, a Green Mountain endemic Libyan plant species belonging to the family Lamiaceae, was investigated as the plant's first documented phytochemical and biological evaluation report. The plant is used for bronchitis, cough, asthma, and gastrointestinal ailments, including dyspe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187853522300237X |
| _version_ | 1797846368990003200 |
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| author | Fatma A. Elshibani Hamdoon A. Mohammed Amr S. Abouzied Abdulnaser Kh. Abdulkarim Riaz A. Khan Suliman A. Almahmoud Bader Huwaimel Abdullah D. Alamami |
| author_facet | Fatma A. Elshibani Hamdoon A. Mohammed Amr S. Abouzied Abdulnaser Kh. Abdulkarim Riaz A. Khan Suliman A. Almahmoud Bader Huwaimel Abdullah D. Alamami |
| author_sort | Fatma A. Elshibani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thymbra linearifolia, a Green Mountain endemic Libyan plant species belonging to the family Lamiaceae, was investigated as the plant's first documented phytochemical and biological evaluation report. The plant is used for bronchitis, cough, asthma, and gastrointestinal ailments, including dyspepsia, colic pain, and diarrhea. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of T. linearifolia were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by LC-MS analysis and spectrophotometric assays. These analyses revealed the presence of 60.67 mg/g of GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalents) and 26.79 mg/g of RE (Rutin Equivalents) of the phenolics and flavonoids, respectively, in the aerial parts of the plants’ ethanolic extract. Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (2.26 %), pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (2.36 %), gallocatechin (2.94 %), taxifolin (1.22 %), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (0.81 %), quercetin-3-O-retinosie (1.20 %), luteolin (0.99 %), apigenin (2.0 %), dimethoxy luteolin (2.97 %), and pinobanksin-3-O-acetate (2.56 %) were detected to be the major flavonoids, whereas the syringic acid hexoside (1.38 %), and rosmarinic acid (2.54 %) were among the most abundant phenolic acids in the plant’s extract. The DPPH scavenging activity was measured at an IC50 value of 34.48 μg/mL. In addition, potential reducing, metal chelating, and free radical scavenging potentials were exhibited in the in vitro assays, i.e., ABST, ORAC, FRAP, and MC. The remarkable antioxidant activity of the plant was attributed to its phenolic and flavonoid contents. The plant extract had strong cytotoxic effects on three types of cancer cell lines, i.e., MCF-7, HepG2, and Panc-1, with IC50 values of 24.023, 22.94, and 33.30 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the plant extract also exhibited cytotoxic effects greater than the standard anticancer drug, doxorubicin, against all the tested cell lines. The in-silico binding studies also demonstrated that the phytochemical constituents of T. linearifolia have a high binding affinity against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein, which supported the anticancer potentials of the plant. The antimicrobial assay conducted with the well-diffusion method revealed the moderate effects of the plant’s extract against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans. However, weak antimicrobial effects were recorded against the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. These findings corroborated the immense health benefits of the plant, and substantiated the medicinal value claims of the plant, which is currently under use in different forms as part of the locals’ folk-medicinal chest. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:54:56Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1878-5352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:54:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-9dc414dd31f1488fb1546ebb897405022023-04-15T05:52:17ZengElsevierArabian Journal of Chemistry1878-53522023-06-01166104775Phytochemical and biological activity profiles of Thymbra linearifolia: An exclusively native species of Libyan Green mountainsFatma A. Elshibani0Hamdoon A. Mohammed1Amr S. Abouzied2Abdulnaser Kh. Abdulkarim3Riaz A. Khan4Suliman A. Almahmoud5Bader Huwaimel6Abdullah D. Alamami7Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, LibyaDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt; Corresponding authors at: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University.Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12553, EgyptDepartment of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, LibyaDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding authors at: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University.Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, LibyaThymbra linearifolia, a Green Mountain endemic Libyan plant species belonging to the family Lamiaceae, was investigated as the plant's first documented phytochemical and biological evaluation report. The plant is used for bronchitis, cough, asthma, and gastrointestinal ailments, including dyspepsia, colic pain, and diarrhea. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of T. linearifolia were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by LC-MS analysis and spectrophotometric assays. These analyses revealed the presence of 60.67 mg/g of GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalents) and 26.79 mg/g of RE (Rutin Equivalents) of the phenolics and flavonoids, respectively, in the aerial parts of the plants’ ethanolic extract. Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (2.26 %), pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (2.36 %), gallocatechin (2.94 %), taxifolin (1.22 %), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (0.81 %), quercetin-3-O-retinosie (1.20 %), luteolin (0.99 %), apigenin (2.0 %), dimethoxy luteolin (2.97 %), and pinobanksin-3-O-acetate (2.56 %) were detected to be the major flavonoids, whereas the syringic acid hexoside (1.38 %), and rosmarinic acid (2.54 %) were among the most abundant phenolic acids in the plant’s extract. The DPPH scavenging activity was measured at an IC50 value of 34.48 μg/mL. In addition, potential reducing, metal chelating, and free radical scavenging potentials were exhibited in the in vitro assays, i.e., ABST, ORAC, FRAP, and MC. The remarkable antioxidant activity of the plant was attributed to its phenolic and flavonoid contents. The plant extract had strong cytotoxic effects on three types of cancer cell lines, i.e., MCF-7, HepG2, and Panc-1, with IC50 values of 24.023, 22.94, and 33.30 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the plant extract also exhibited cytotoxic effects greater than the standard anticancer drug, doxorubicin, against all the tested cell lines. The in-silico binding studies also demonstrated that the phytochemical constituents of T. linearifolia have a high binding affinity against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein, which supported the anticancer potentials of the plant. The antimicrobial assay conducted with the well-diffusion method revealed the moderate effects of the plant’s extract against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans. However, weak antimicrobial effects were recorded against the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. These findings corroborated the immense health benefits of the plant, and substantiated the medicinal value claims of the plant, which is currently under use in different forms as part of the locals’ folk-medicinal chest.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187853522300237XThymbra linearifoliaAnthocyaninsCytotoxicityAntioxidantAntimicrobialMolecular structure |
| spellingShingle | Fatma A. Elshibani Hamdoon A. Mohammed Amr S. Abouzied Abdulnaser Kh. Abdulkarim Riaz A. Khan Suliman A. Almahmoud Bader Huwaimel Abdullah D. Alamami Phytochemical and biological activity profiles of Thymbra linearifolia: An exclusively native species of Libyan Green mountains Arabian Journal of Chemistry Thymbra linearifolia Anthocyanins Cytotoxicity Antioxidant Antimicrobial Molecular structure |
| title | Phytochemical and biological activity profiles of Thymbra linearifolia: An exclusively native species of Libyan Green mountains |
| title_full | Phytochemical and biological activity profiles of Thymbra linearifolia: An exclusively native species of Libyan Green mountains |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical and biological activity profiles of Thymbra linearifolia: An exclusively native species of Libyan Green mountains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical and biological activity profiles of Thymbra linearifolia: An exclusively native species of Libyan Green mountains |
| title_short | Phytochemical and biological activity profiles of Thymbra linearifolia: An exclusively native species of Libyan Green mountains |
| title_sort | phytochemical and biological activity profiles of thymbra linearifolia an exclusively native species of libyan green mountains |
| topic | Thymbra linearifolia Anthocyanins Cytotoxicity Antioxidant Antimicrobial Molecular structure |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187853522300237X |
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