Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 7.7 GeV
Within the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, the effect of initial density fluctuations on cumulants of the net-proton multiplicity distribution in Au + Au Collisions at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Universe |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/9/491 |
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| author | Xiaoqing Yue Yongjia Wang Qingfeng Li Fuhu Liu |
| author_facet | Xiaoqing Yue Yongjia Wang Qingfeng Li Fuhu Liu |
| author_sort | Xiaoqing Yue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Within the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, the effect of initial density fluctuations on cumulants of the net-proton multiplicity distribution in Au + Au Collisions at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 7.7 GeV was investigated by varying the minimum distance <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>min</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> between two nucleons in the initialization. It was found that the initial density fluctuations increased with the decrease of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>min</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> from 1.6 fm to 1.0 fm, and the influence of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>min</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> on the magnitude of the net-proton number fluctuation in a narrow pseudorapidity window (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>η</mi><mo>≤</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 4) was negligible even if it indeed affected the density evolution during the collision. At a broad pseudorapidity window (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>η</mi><mo>≥</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 4), the cumulant ratios were enlarged when the initial density fluctuations were increased with the smaller value of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>min</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and this enhancement was comparable to that observed in the presence of the nuclear mean-field potential. Moreover, the enhanced cumulants were more evident in collisions with a larger impact parameter. The present work demonstrates that the fingerprint of the initial density fluctuations on the cumulants in a broad pseudorapidity window is clearly visible, while it is not obvious as the pseudorapidity window becomes narrow. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9dc6ba8cc2e7489fb0c0920e127355ee2023-11-23T19:19:24ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972022-09-018949110.3390/universe8090491Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 7.7 GeVXiaoqing Yue0Yongjia Wang1Qingfeng Li2Fuhu Liu3Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices & Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaSchool of Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaSchool of Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaInstitute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices & Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaWithin the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, the effect of initial density fluctuations on cumulants of the net-proton multiplicity distribution in Au + Au Collisions at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 7.7 GeV was investigated by varying the minimum distance <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>min</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> between two nucleons in the initialization. It was found that the initial density fluctuations increased with the decrease of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>min</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> from 1.6 fm to 1.0 fm, and the influence of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>min</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> on the magnitude of the net-proton number fluctuation in a narrow pseudorapidity window (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>η</mi><mo>≤</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 4) was negligible even if it indeed affected the density evolution during the collision. At a broad pseudorapidity window (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>η</mi><mo>≥</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 4), the cumulant ratios were enlarged when the initial density fluctuations were increased with the smaller value of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>min</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and this enhancement was comparable to that observed in the presence of the nuclear mean-field potential. Moreover, the enhanced cumulants were more evident in collisions with a larger impact parameter. The present work demonstrates that the fingerprint of the initial density fluctuations on the cumulants in a broad pseudorapidity window is clearly visible, while it is not obvious as the pseudorapidity window becomes narrow.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/9/491heavy-ion collisioninitial density fluctuationtransport modelcumulants |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoqing Yue Yongjia Wang Qingfeng Li Fuhu Liu Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 7.7 GeV Universe heavy-ion collision initial density fluctuation transport model cumulants |
| title | Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 7.7 GeV |
| title_full | Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 7.7 GeV |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 7.7 GeV |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 7.7 GeV |
| title_short | Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 7.7 GeV |
| title_sort | effects of initial density fluctuations on cumulants in au au collisions at inline formula math display inline semantics msqrt msub mi s mi mrow mi n mi mi n mi mrow msub msqrt semantics math inline formula 7 7 gev |
| topic | heavy-ion collision initial density fluctuation transport model cumulants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/9/491 |
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