Glutamate, Glutamine and GABA Levels in Rat Brain Measured Using MRS, HPLC and NMR Methods in Study of Two Models of Autism
The disorders of the glutamatergic neurotransmission have been associated with pathogenesis of autism. In this study we evaluated the impact of the in vivo and ex vivo test methodology on measurements of levels of neurotransmitter amino acids in hippocampus of rats for valproic acid- (VPA) and thali...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00418/full |
| _version_ | 1818344791039016960 |
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| author | Elzbieta Zieminska Beata Toczylowska Dominik Diamandakis Wojciech Hilgier Robert Kuba Filipkowski Rafal Polowy Jaroslaw Orzel Jaroslaw Orzel Michal Gorka Jerzy Wieslaw Lazarewicz |
| author_facet | Elzbieta Zieminska Beata Toczylowska Dominik Diamandakis Wojciech Hilgier Robert Kuba Filipkowski Rafal Polowy Jaroslaw Orzel Jaroslaw Orzel Michal Gorka Jerzy Wieslaw Lazarewicz |
| author_sort | Elzbieta Zieminska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The disorders of the glutamatergic neurotransmission have been associated with pathogenesis of autism. In this study we evaluated the impact of the in vivo and ex vivo test methodology on measurements of levels of neurotransmitter amino acids in hippocampus of rats for valproic acid- (VPA) and thalidomide- (THAL) induced models of autism. The main goal was to compare the changes in concentrations of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and GABA between both autistic groups and the control, measured in vivo and ex vivo in homogenates. The rat pups underwent three in vivo tests: ultrasonic vocalization (USV), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and unilateral microdialysis of the hippocampus. Analyses of homogenates of rat hippocampus were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For the statistical analysis, we performed univariate and multivariate tests. USV test, which is considered in rodents as an indicator of pathology similar to autism, showed decreased USV in VPA and THAL groups. In vivo MRS studies demonstrated increases of Glu content in male rat’s hippocampus in VPA and THAL groups, while the microdialysis, which allows examination of the contents in the extracellular space, detected decreases in the basal level of Gln concentrations in VPA and THAL groups. Ex vivo HPLC studies showed that levels of Glu, Gln and GABA significantly increased in male rat’s hippocampus in the VPA and THAL groups, while NMR studies showed increased levels of Gln and GABA in the VPA group. Collectively, these results are consistent with the hypothesis suggesting the role of the glutamatergic disturbances on the pathogenesis of autism. For all methods used, the values of measured changes were in the same direction. The orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis confirmed that both animal models of autism tested here can be used to trace neurochemical changes in the brain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T16:52:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9dd87ae23c9c46c996192db4b588174b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5099 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T16:52:05Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-9dd87ae23c9c46c996192db4b588174b2022-12-21T23:38:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience1662-50992018-11-011110.3389/fnmol.2018.00418390567Glutamate, Glutamine and GABA Levels in Rat Brain Measured Using MRS, HPLC and NMR Methods in Study of Two Models of AutismElzbieta Zieminska0Beata Toczylowska1Dominik Diamandakis2Wojciech Hilgier3Robert Kuba Filipkowski4Rafal Polowy5Jaroslaw Orzel6Jaroslaw Orzel7Michal Gorka8Jerzy Wieslaw Lazarewicz9Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandNalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandMossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandMossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandMossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandMossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandMossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandMossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandThe disorders of the glutamatergic neurotransmission have been associated with pathogenesis of autism. In this study we evaluated the impact of the in vivo and ex vivo test methodology on measurements of levels of neurotransmitter amino acids in hippocampus of rats for valproic acid- (VPA) and thalidomide- (THAL) induced models of autism. The main goal was to compare the changes in concentrations of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and GABA between both autistic groups and the control, measured in vivo and ex vivo in homogenates. The rat pups underwent three in vivo tests: ultrasonic vocalization (USV), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and unilateral microdialysis of the hippocampus. Analyses of homogenates of rat hippocampus were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For the statistical analysis, we performed univariate and multivariate tests. USV test, which is considered in rodents as an indicator of pathology similar to autism, showed decreased USV in VPA and THAL groups. In vivo MRS studies demonstrated increases of Glu content in male rat’s hippocampus in VPA and THAL groups, while the microdialysis, which allows examination of the contents in the extracellular space, detected decreases in the basal level of Gln concentrations in VPA and THAL groups. Ex vivo HPLC studies showed that levels of Glu, Gln and GABA significantly increased in male rat’s hippocampus in the VPA and THAL groups, while NMR studies showed increased levels of Gln and GABA in the VPA group. Collectively, these results are consistent with the hypothesis suggesting the role of the glutamatergic disturbances on the pathogenesis of autism. For all methods used, the values of measured changes were in the same direction. The orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis confirmed that both animal models of autism tested here can be used to trace neurochemical changes in the brain.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00418/fullASD animal modelsneurotransmittersMRSNMRHPLCUSV |
| spellingShingle | Elzbieta Zieminska Beata Toczylowska Dominik Diamandakis Wojciech Hilgier Robert Kuba Filipkowski Rafal Polowy Jaroslaw Orzel Jaroslaw Orzel Michal Gorka Jerzy Wieslaw Lazarewicz Glutamate, Glutamine and GABA Levels in Rat Brain Measured Using MRS, HPLC and NMR Methods in Study of Two Models of Autism Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience ASD animal models neurotransmitters MRS NMR HPLC USV |
| title | Glutamate, Glutamine and GABA Levels in Rat Brain Measured Using MRS, HPLC and NMR Methods in Study of Two Models of Autism |
| title_full | Glutamate, Glutamine and GABA Levels in Rat Brain Measured Using MRS, HPLC and NMR Methods in Study of Two Models of Autism |
| title_fullStr | Glutamate, Glutamine and GABA Levels in Rat Brain Measured Using MRS, HPLC and NMR Methods in Study of Two Models of Autism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glutamate, Glutamine and GABA Levels in Rat Brain Measured Using MRS, HPLC and NMR Methods in Study of Two Models of Autism |
| title_short | Glutamate, Glutamine and GABA Levels in Rat Brain Measured Using MRS, HPLC and NMR Methods in Study of Two Models of Autism |
| title_sort | glutamate glutamine and gaba levels in rat brain measured using mrs hplc and nmr methods in study of two models of autism |
| topic | ASD animal models neurotransmitters MRS NMR HPLC USV |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00418/full |
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