Biological Control of <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, the Causal Agent of Tomato Root Rot by Two <i>Streptomyces</i> Root Symbionts
Damping-off caused by <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, as one of the most infamous plant diseases, is considered as a significant disease that causes severe damages in greenhouse and field crops in a vast range of hosts especially vegetables. The application of chemical fungicides as a com...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/846 |
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| author | Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar Akbar Hosseinipour Roohollah Abdolshahi Essaid Ait Barka Ismail Saadoun |
| author_facet | Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar Akbar Hosseinipour Roohollah Abdolshahi Essaid Ait Barka Ismail Saadoun |
| author_sort | Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Damping-off caused by <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, as one of the most infamous plant diseases, is considered as a significant disease that causes severe damages in greenhouse and field crops in a vast range of hosts especially vegetables. The application of chemical fungicides as a common method to control this disease poses negative side effects on humans and the environmental components. Actinobacteria, especially members of the genus <i>Streptomyces</i>, are fascinating biocontrol agents and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which exhibit safer alternative managements to control this disease. The present study aims to explore for bioactives soil <i>Streptomyces</i> isolates that are able to control <i>P. aphanidermatum</i>, which is the causal agent of damping-off in tomato. Out of a total of 116 actinobacteria isolates collected from the soil, 53 have showed an antagonistic activity against <i>P. aphanidermatum</i>, as deduced through in vitro dual cultures. Based on in vitro Petri plate seedling-bioassays (IPSB), from the 53 tested isolates in dual cultures, two isolates coded as H2 and H3, considered as the most bioactive agents, were selected to assess their biocontrol performances against <i>P. aphanidermatum</i> in the Sandwich bed-mix technique in greenhouse experiments. In vivo greenhouse statistical studies were performed to compare seven treatments using completely randomized design experiments. Metalaxyl fungicide was applied as the chemical-control treatment. To evaluate biocontrol efficiencies of the two <i>Streptomyces</i> symbionts, disease incidence recorded throughout the course of experiment and criteria of number of leaves, length of the plants, plant fresh and dry weights, were measured at the end of experiment and analyzed statistically. The resulted disease incidences for all treatments indicated that the two <i>Streptomyces</i> strains had PGPR activity, and they were effective in decreasing disease incidence and improving plant performances regarding number of leaves, height, and plant fresh and dry weights. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, the strain H2 revealed a close relation to six <i>Streptomyces</i> species, namely <i>S. badius</i>, <i>S. caviscabies</i>, <i>S. globisporus</i>, <i>S. parvus</i>, <i>S. sindenensis</i>, and <i>S. griseoplanus</i>, with 99.9% similarity. The strain H3 also indicated a close relation of the same similarity to two species, namely <i>S. flavogriseus</i> and <i>S. pratensis</i>. In overall, collected data dictated that the two bioactive root symbiont <i>Streptomyces</i> strains effectively controlled the damping-off disease caused by <i>P. aphanidermatum</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:57:14Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:57:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ddbcab8c7d748a18bd9ec2744ecb4252023-11-21T17:13:08ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-04-0111584610.3390/agronomy11050846Biological Control of <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, the Causal Agent of Tomato Root Rot by Two <i>Streptomyces</i> Root SymbiontsMohadeseh Hassanisaadi0Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar1Akbar Hosseinipour2Roohollah Abdolshahi3Essaid Ait Barka4Ismail Saadoun5Department of Plant Protection, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7618411764, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7618411764, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7618411764, IranDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7618411764, IranInduced Resistance and Plant BioProtection Research Unit, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, FranceDepartment of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P. O. Box 27272, United Arab EmiratesDamping-off caused by <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, as one of the most infamous plant diseases, is considered as a significant disease that causes severe damages in greenhouse and field crops in a vast range of hosts especially vegetables. The application of chemical fungicides as a common method to control this disease poses negative side effects on humans and the environmental components. Actinobacteria, especially members of the genus <i>Streptomyces</i>, are fascinating biocontrol agents and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which exhibit safer alternative managements to control this disease. The present study aims to explore for bioactives soil <i>Streptomyces</i> isolates that are able to control <i>P. aphanidermatum</i>, which is the causal agent of damping-off in tomato. Out of a total of 116 actinobacteria isolates collected from the soil, 53 have showed an antagonistic activity against <i>P. aphanidermatum</i>, as deduced through in vitro dual cultures. Based on in vitro Petri plate seedling-bioassays (IPSB), from the 53 tested isolates in dual cultures, two isolates coded as H2 and H3, considered as the most bioactive agents, were selected to assess their biocontrol performances against <i>P. aphanidermatum</i> in the Sandwich bed-mix technique in greenhouse experiments. In vivo greenhouse statistical studies were performed to compare seven treatments using completely randomized design experiments. Metalaxyl fungicide was applied as the chemical-control treatment. To evaluate biocontrol efficiencies of the two <i>Streptomyces</i> symbionts, disease incidence recorded throughout the course of experiment and criteria of number of leaves, length of the plants, plant fresh and dry weights, were measured at the end of experiment and analyzed statistically. The resulted disease incidences for all treatments indicated that the two <i>Streptomyces</i> strains had PGPR activity, and they were effective in decreasing disease incidence and improving plant performances regarding number of leaves, height, and plant fresh and dry weights. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, the strain H2 revealed a close relation to six <i>Streptomyces</i> species, namely <i>S. badius</i>, <i>S. caviscabies</i>, <i>S. globisporus</i>, <i>S. parvus</i>, <i>S. sindenensis</i>, and <i>S. griseoplanus</i>, with 99.9% similarity. The strain H3 also indicated a close relation of the same similarity to two species, namely <i>S. flavogriseus</i> and <i>S. pratensis</i>. In overall, collected data dictated that the two bioactive root symbiont <i>Streptomyces</i> strains effectively controlled the damping-off disease caused by <i>P. aphanidermatum</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/846<i>Streptomyces</i><i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>biocontrolroot symbiontsPGPR16S rRNA |
| spellingShingle | Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar Akbar Hosseinipour Roohollah Abdolshahi Essaid Ait Barka Ismail Saadoun Biological Control of <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, the Causal Agent of Tomato Root Rot by Two <i>Streptomyces</i> Root Symbionts Agronomy <i>Streptomyces</i> <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i> biocontrol root symbionts PGPR 16S rRNA |
| title | Biological Control of <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, the Causal Agent of Tomato Root Rot by Two <i>Streptomyces</i> Root Symbionts |
| title_full | Biological Control of <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, the Causal Agent of Tomato Root Rot by Two <i>Streptomyces</i> Root Symbionts |
| title_fullStr | Biological Control of <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, the Causal Agent of Tomato Root Rot by Two <i>Streptomyces</i> Root Symbionts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biological Control of <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, the Causal Agent of Tomato Root Rot by Two <i>Streptomyces</i> Root Symbionts |
| title_short | Biological Control of <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, the Causal Agent of Tomato Root Rot by Two <i>Streptomyces</i> Root Symbionts |
| title_sort | biological control of i pythium aphanidermatum i the causal agent of tomato root rot by two i streptomyces i root symbionts |
| topic | <i>Streptomyces</i> <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i> biocontrol root symbionts PGPR 16S rRNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/846 |
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