Does Methane Contribute to Growth of Invertebrate Communities in Drinking Water?
Methane is a potential source of carbon in drinking water. Typically, it is removed at waterworks during an initial treatment step such as aeration or stripping. Remaining methane may be converted by methane-oxidizing bacteria to organic carbon, which is then available for heterotrophic growth and m...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/6/1044 |
| _version_ | 1797608554959470592 |
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| author | Sarah C. B. Christensen Laure Lopato Sonsoles Quinzanos Mathilde J. Hedegaard |
| author_facet | Sarah C. B. Christensen Laure Lopato Sonsoles Quinzanos Mathilde J. Hedegaard |
| author_sort | Sarah C. B. Christensen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Methane is a potential source of carbon in drinking water. Typically, it is removed at waterworks during an initial treatment step such as aeration or stripping. Remaining methane may be converted by methane-oxidizing bacteria to organic carbon, which is then available for heterotrophic growth and may ultimately contribute to invertebrate growth. We investigated the presence of invertebrates at a waterworks with incomplete methane removal and at a waterworks without methane. Microscopy and analyses of 16S and 18S ribosomal genes were conducted on filter sand from full-scale biological rapid sand filters. Primary filters with methane were dominated by methane- and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Upper layers of secondary filters were dominated by heterotrophic bacteria, while the deepest layer contained 92% eukaryote DNA. Rotifers, nematodes, platyhelminths and annelids constituted 22% of the DNA in the secondary filters. Filters with methane contained higher shares of invertebrates (13%) than the filter without methane (7%). Furthermore, pilot studies were conducted to estimate suitable levels of methane when implementing methane removal technologies. Methane concentrations of 0.24 mg/L caused rapid visible growth. Vacuum stripping and nitrogen addition removed methane to 0.018–0.03 mg/L and prevented growth of methane-oxidizing bacteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:45:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ddf2cb738ff4cefbb42ddaf289a668e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:45:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ddf2cb738ff4cefbb42ddaf289a668e2023-11-17T14:25:39ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-03-01156104410.3390/w15061044Does Methane Contribute to Growth of Invertebrate Communities in Drinking Water?Sarah C. B. Christensen0Laure Lopato1Sonsoles Quinzanos2Mathilde J. Hedegaard3HOFOR A/S, 2300 Copenhagen, DenmarkHOFOR A/S, 2300 Copenhagen, DenmarkHOFOR A/S, 2300 Copenhagen, DenmarkHOFOR A/S, 2300 Copenhagen, DenmarkMethane is a potential source of carbon in drinking water. Typically, it is removed at waterworks during an initial treatment step such as aeration or stripping. Remaining methane may be converted by methane-oxidizing bacteria to organic carbon, which is then available for heterotrophic growth and may ultimately contribute to invertebrate growth. We investigated the presence of invertebrates at a waterworks with incomplete methane removal and at a waterworks without methane. Microscopy and analyses of 16S and 18S ribosomal genes were conducted on filter sand from full-scale biological rapid sand filters. Primary filters with methane were dominated by methane- and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Upper layers of secondary filters were dominated by heterotrophic bacteria, while the deepest layer contained 92% eukaryote DNA. Rotifers, nematodes, platyhelminths and annelids constituted 22% of the DNA in the secondary filters. Filters with methane contained higher shares of invertebrates (13%) than the filter without methane (7%). Furthermore, pilot studies were conducted to estimate suitable levels of methane when implementing methane removal technologies. Methane concentrations of 0.24 mg/L caused rapid visible growth. Vacuum stripping and nitrogen addition removed methane to 0.018–0.03 mg/L and prevented growth of methane-oxidizing bacteria.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/6/1044eukaryotesprotistsgroundwaterAOC (assimilable organic carbon)waterworkssand filters |
| spellingShingle | Sarah C. B. Christensen Laure Lopato Sonsoles Quinzanos Mathilde J. Hedegaard Does Methane Contribute to Growth of Invertebrate Communities in Drinking Water? Water eukaryotes protists groundwater AOC (assimilable organic carbon) waterworks sand filters |
| title | Does Methane Contribute to Growth of Invertebrate Communities in Drinking Water? |
| title_full | Does Methane Contribute to Growth of Invertebrate Communities in Drinking Water? |
| title_fullStr | Does Methane Contribute to Growth of Invertebrate Communities in Drinking Water? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Does Methane Contribute to Growth of Invertebrate Communities in Drinking Water? |
| title_short | Does Methane Contribute to Growth of Invertebrate Communities in Drinking Water? |
| title_sort | does methane contribute to growth of invertebrate communities in drinking water |
| topic | eukaryotes protists groundwater AOC (assimilable organic carbon) waterworks sand filters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/6/1044 |
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