Multidecadal analysis of Lake Garda water balance
Lake Garda, the largest in Italy, is a major source of water supply inserted in a trans-regional area, sustaining an ever-increasing variety of water interests since the XX century. We perform a multidecadal (1928-2020) water balance, estimating the long-term evolution of the input and output compo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PAGEPress Publications
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Limnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.jlimnol.it/index.php/jlimnol/article/view/2144 |
| _version_ | 1797546994379522048 |
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| author | Luigi Hinegk Luca Adami Sebastiano Piccolroaz Marina Amadori Marcello Moretti Marco Tubino Marco Toffolon |
| author_facet | Luigi Hinegk Luca Adami Sebastiano Piccolroaz Marina Amadori Marcello Moretti Marco Tubino Marco Toffolon |
| author_sort | Luigi Hinegk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Lake Garda, the largest in Italy, is a major source of water supply inserted in a trans-regional area, sustaining an ever-increasing variety of water interests since the XX century. We perform a multidecadal (1928-2020) water balance, estimating the long-term evolution of the input and output components under changing anthropogenic and climatic stressors. First, we present our hydrometeorological database, assembled through a consistent effort of collection and digitization of data from different sources. Then, we analyse the annual water balance, assessing the magnitude of the residual term, i.e. the unknown term that embeds uncertainties and potential sources of error, closing the water balance equation. Uncertainties are investigated by applying a multi-method analysis for over-lake evaporation and basin evapotranspiration. Land use evolution, contributions from the Mount Baldo area as well as the potential role of groundwater fluxes are additionally analysed. Eventually, we compute a sensitivity analysis to delineate the role of each component on the lake’s level and outflow variations. The long-term analysis allows for distinguishing some trends in the input and output components of the water balance. Differences emerge in the periods before and after the lake’s impoundment (1951), and some effects of climate modifications appear in the last decades. Precipitation over the basin has a major influence on the water availability within the basin, a result confirmed by the sensitivity analysis. The entity of the residual term, which represents the unaccounted contributions, calls into question the role of the groundwater fluxes and the time scale of the analysis. The multi-method analysis highlights the dependency of the different lake evaporation and basin evapotranspiration methods on the amount of data available.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:37:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9dfa43950549492183664aa94f9da9b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1129-5767 1723-8633 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:37:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | PAGEPress Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Limnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9dfa43950549492183664aa94f9da9b32023-11-20T22:04:20ZengPAGEPress PublicationsJournal of Limnology1129-57671723-86332023-11-0182110.4081/jlimnol.2023.2144Multidecadal analysis of Lake Garda water balanceLuigi Hinegk0Luca Adami1Sebastiano Piccolroaz2Marina Amadori3Marcello Moretti4Marco Tubino5Marco Toffolon6Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of TrentoDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of TrentoDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of TrentoDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of Trento; Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council, MilanInterregional Agency for the Po River (AIPo), MantovaDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of TrentoDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of Trento Lake Garda, the largest in Italy, is a major source of water supply inserted in a trans-regional area, sustaining an ever-increasing variety of water interests since the XX century. We perform a multidecadal (1928-2020) water balance, estimating the long-term evolution of the input and output components under changing anthropogenic and climatic stressors. First, we present our hydrometeorological database, assembled through a consistent effort of collection and digitization of data from different sources. Then, we analyse the annual water balance, assessing the magnitude of the residual term, i.e. the unknown term that embeds uncertainties and potential sources of error, closing the water balance equation. Uncertainties are investigated by applying a multi-method analysis for over-lake evaporation and basin evapotranspiration. Land use evolution, contributions from the Mount Baldo area as well as the potential role of groundwater fluxes are additionally analysed. Eventually, we compute a sensitivity analysis to delineate the role of each component on the lake’s level and outflow variations. The long-term analysis allows for distinguishing some trends in the input and output components of the water balance. Differences emerge in the periods before and after the lake’s impoundment (1951), and some effects of climate modifications appear in the last decades. Precipitation over the basin has a major influence on the water availability within the basin, a result confirmed by the sensitivity analysis. The entity of the residual term, which represents the unaccounted contributions, calls into question the role of the groundwater fluxes and the time scale of the analysis. The multi-method analysis highlights the dependency of the different lake evaporation and basin evapotranspiration methods on the amount of data available. https://www.jlimnol.it/index.php/jlimnol/article/view/2144Limnologywater resourceslong term trendshistorical analisyslong term water budgetmulti-method analisys |
| spellingShingle | Luigi Hinegk Luca Adami Sebastiano Piccolroaz Marina Amadori Marcello Moretti Marco Tubino Marco Toffolon Multidecadal analysis of Lake Garda water balance Journal of Limnology Limnology water resources long term trends historical analisys long term water budget multi-method analisys |
| title | Multidecadal analysis of Lake Garda water balance |
| title_full | Multidecadal analysis of Lake Garda water balance |
| title_fullStr | Multidecadal analysis of Lake Garda water balance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multidecadal analysis of Lake Garda water balance |
| title_short | Multidecadal analysis of Lake Garda water balance |
| title_sort | multidecadal analysis of lake garda water balance |
| topic | Limnology water resources long term trends historical analisys long term water budget multi-method analisys |
| url | https://www.jlimnol.it/index.php/jlimnol/article/view/2144 |
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