Beneficial Features of Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza for Improving Spinach Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits, Physiological Properties, and Soil Enzymatic Activities
Biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote plant growth, improve soil properties, and maintain microbial activity. The effects of biochar and AMF on plant growth, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities were studied in spinach (<i>Spin...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/7/571 |
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| author | Dilfuza Jabborova Kannepalli Annapurna Sangeeta Paul Sudhir Kumar Hosam A. Saad Said Desouky Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim Amr Elkelish |
| author_facet | Dilfuza Jabborova Kannepalli Annapurna Sangeeta Paul Sudhir Kumar Hosam A. Saad Said Desouky Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim Amr Elkelish |
| author_sort | Dilfuza Jabborova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote plant growth, improve soil properties, and maintain microbial activity. The effects of biochar and AMF on plant growth, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities were studied in spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.). A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar and AMF on the growth of spinach. Four treatments, a T1 control (soil without biochar), T2 biochar alone, T3 AMF alone, and T4 biochar and AMF together, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications. The biochar alone had a positive effect on the growth of spinach, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities. It significantly increased the plant growth parameters, such as the shoot length, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight. The root morphological traits, plant physiological attributes, and soil enzymatic activities were significantly enhanced with the biochar alone compared with the control. However, the combination of biochar and AMF had a greater impact on the increase in plant growth, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities compared with the other treatments. The results suggested that the combined biochar and AMF led to the highest levels of spinach plant growth, microbial biomass, and soil enzymatic activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:35:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e0031471b2f4aef83be9eb8012b213b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:35:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e0031471b2f4aef83be9eb8012b213b2023-11-22T04:10:14ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-07-017757110.3390/jof7070571Beneficial Features of Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza for Improving Spinach Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits, Physiological Properties, and Soil Enzymatic ActivitiesDilfuza Jabborova0Kannepalli Annapurna1Sangeeta Paul2Sudhir Kumar3Hosam A. Saad4Said Desouky5Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim6Amr Elkelish7Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent Region, Kibray 111208, UzbekistanDivision of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-azhar University, Cairo 11884, EgyptDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptBiochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote plant growth, improve soil properties, and maintain microbial activity. The effects of biochar and AMF on plant growth, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities were studied in spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.). A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar and AMF on the growth of spinach. Four treatments, a T1 control (soil without biochar), T2 biochar alone, T3 AMF alone, and T4 biochar and AMF together, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications. The biochar alone had a positive effect on the growth of spinach, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities. It significantly increased the plant growth parameters, such as the shoot length, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight. The root morphological traits, plant physiological attributes, and soil enzymatic activities were significantly enhanced with the biochar alone compared with the control. However, the combination of biochar and AMF had a greater impact on the increase in plant growth, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities compared with the other treatments. The results suggested that the combined biochar and AMF led to the highest levels of spinach plant growth, microbial biomass, and soil enzymatic activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/7/571spinachbiocharAMFplant growthroot morphological traitschlorophyll content |
| spellingShingle | Dilfuza Jabborova Kannepalli Annapurna Sangeeta Paul Sudhir Kumar Hosam A. Saad Said Desouky Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim Amr Elkelish Beneficial Features of Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza for Improving Spinach Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits, Physiological Properties, and Soil Enzymatic Activities Journal of Fungi spinach biochar AMF plant growth root morphological traits chlorophyll content |
| title | Beneficial Features of Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza for Improving Spinach Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits, Physiological Properties, and Soil Enzymatic Activities |
| title_full | Beneficial Features of Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza for Improving Spinach Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits, Physiological Properties, and Soil Enzymatic Activities |
| title_fullStr | Beneficial Features of Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza for Improving Spinach Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits, Physiological Properties, and Soil Enzymatic Activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beneficial Features of Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza for Improving Spinach Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits, Physiological Properties, and Soil Enzymatic Activities |
| title_short | Beneficial Features of Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza for Improving Spinach Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits, Physiological Properties, and Soil Enzymatic Activities |
| title_sort | beneficial features of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhiza for improving spinach plant growth root morphological traits physiological properties and soil enzymatic activities |
| topic | spinach biochar AMF plant growth root morphological traits chlorophyll content |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/7/571 |
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