Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcome in Women with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: A Longitudinal Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolkata, India
Introduction: First trimester vaginal bleeding, a serious obstetric challenge to developing embryo, occurs in 15-25% of all pregnant women. It is a matter of great concern to both mother and obstetrician for its increased association of adverse maternal and foetal outcome. Aim: To measure the preva...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16906/57184_CE(AnK)_F[SH]_PF1(SC_SS)_PFA(SC_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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| author | Animesh Naskar Rupsha Chowdhury Pradip Kumar Saha Rup Kamal Das |
| author_facet | Animesh Naskar Rupsha Chowdhury Pradip Kumar Saha Rup Kamal Das |
| author_sort | Animesh Naskar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: First trimester vaginal bleeding, a serious obstetric challenge to developing embryo, occurs in 15-25% of all pregnant women. It is a matter of great concern to both mother and obstetrician for its increased association of adverse maternal and foetal outcome.
Aim: To measure the prevalence of patients with first trimester vaginal bleeding, to evaluate factors associated with it and to assess foeto-maternal outcome in those pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based, longitudinal study carried out among 120 women with first trimester vaginal bleeding having normal body weight, and regular cycles and agreeing to follow-up, at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a tertiary teaching hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, from January 2019 to June 2020. The incidence of vaginal bleeding in first trimester, its risk factors, foeto-maternal outcome in terms of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH), abortions, preterm deliveries, Antepartum Haemorrhages (APH), birth weight of baby, low Appearance or colour of the baby, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) score at birth was assessed. The descriptive statistics was used to calculate percentage and mean and Chi-square-test with significance value considered at p-value <0.05.
Results: Out of 4716 pregnant women attending in Obstetric clinic at their first trimester, 332 had vaginal bleeding, incidence being 7.04%. Out of 332 women, 120 study participants met inclusion criteria. Of 120 cases, 79 (65.8%) were from age group of 21-30 years. Highest incidence was 74 (61.7%) in primigravida. Incidence was high in poor socio-economic status (upper lower and lower) ie., 57 (47.5%) and unplanned cases, 87 (72.5%). On follow-up of 120 participants, 66 (55%) had threatened abortion, of them 51.5% (34/66) led to term pregnancy followed by preterm labour 39.4% (26/66) and only few, 9.09% (6/66) ended up with incomplete miscarriage. Spotting was most common nature of bleeding per vagina 41.7% (50/120). On follow-up of 60 (90.9%) viable pregnancies, PIH was in 12 (20%) cases and abruption was seen in one (1.6%). Majority of preterm babies 65.4% (17/26) needed Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission.
Conclusion: Vaginal bleeding in first trimester is an indicator of the maternal and foetal adverse consequences and results of this study can enrich our knowledge to plan and manage these pregnant women adequately. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T08:44:57Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
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| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e0c0d1019c643848b45924f8582f93e2023-02-22T09:25:08ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2022-09-01169QC11QC1610.7860/JCDR/2022/57184.16906Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcome in Women with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: A Longitudinal Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolkata, IndiaAnimesh Naskar0Rupsha Chowdhury1Pradip Kumar Saha2Rup Kamal Das3Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Government Medical College and Hospital, Uluberia, Howrah, West Bengal, India.Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.Introduction: First trimester vaginal bleeding, a serious obstetric challenge to developing embryo, occurs in 15-25% of all pregnant women. It is a matter of great concern to both mother and obstetrician for its increased association of adverse maternal and foetal outcome. Aim: To measure the prevalence of patients with first trimester vaginal bleeding, to evaluate factors associated with it and to assess foeto-maternal outcome in those pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based, longitudinal study carried out among 120 women with first trimester vaginal bleeding having normal body weight, and regular cycles and agreeing to follow-up, at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a tertiary teaching hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, from January 2019 to June 2020. The incidence of vaginal bleeding in first trimester, its risk factors, foeto-maternal outcome in terms of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH), abortions, preterm deliveries, Antepartum Haemorrhages (APH), birth weight of baby, low Appearance or colour of the baby, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) score at birth was assessed. The descriptive statistics was used to calculate percentage and mean and Chi-square-test with significance value considered at p-value <0.05. Results: Out of 4716 pregnant women attending in Obstetric clinic at their first trimester, 332 had vaginal bleeding, incidence being 7.04%. Out of 332 women, 120 study participants met inclusion criteria. Of 120 cases, 79 (65.8%) were from age group of 21-30 years. Highest incidence was 74 (61.7%) in primigravida. Incidence was high in poor socio-economic status (upper lower and lower) ie., 57 (47.5%) and unplanned cases, 87 (72.5%). On follow-up of 120 participants, 66 (55%) had threatened abortion, of them 51.5% (34/66) led to term pregnancy followed by preterm labour 39.4% (26/66) and only few, 9.09% (6/66) ended up with incomplete miscarriage. Spotting was most common nature of bleeding per vagina 41.7% (50/120). On follow-up of 60 (90.9%) viable pregnancies, PIH was in 12 (20%) cases and abruption was seen in one (1.6%). Majority of preterm babies 65.4% (17/26) needed Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission. Conclusion: Vaginal bleeding in first trimester is an indicator of the maternal and foetal adverse consequences and results of this study can enrich our knowledge to plan and manage these pregnant women adequately.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16906/57184_CE(AnK)_F[SH]_PF1(SC_SS)_PFA(SC_KM)_PN(KM).pdfantepartum haemorrhagesfoeto-maternal outcomepregnancy induced hypertensionthreatened abortionvaginal bleeding |
| spellingShingle | Animesh Naskar Rupsha Chowdhury Pradip Kumar Saha Rup Kamal Das Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcome in Women with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: A Longitudinal Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolkata, India Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research antepartum haemorrhages foeto-maternal outcome pregnancy induced hypertension threatened abortion vaginal bleeding |
| title | Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcome in Women with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: A Longitudinal Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolkata, India |
| title_full | Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcome in Women with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: A Longitudinal Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolkata, India |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcome in Women with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: A Longitudinal Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolkata, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcome in Women with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: A Longitudinal Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolkata, India |
| title_short | Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcome in Women with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: A Longitudinal Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolkata, India |
| title_sort | evaluation of pregnancy outcome in women with first trimester vaginal bleeding a longitudinal study at a tertiary care hospital kolkata india |
| topic | antepartum haemorrhages foeto-maternal outcome pregnancy induced hypertension threatened abortion vaginal bleeding |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16906/57184_CE(AnK)_F[SH]_PF1(SC_SS)_PFA(SC_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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