Association between periodontitis and COVID-19 infection: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Background and Objective Epidemiological studies report associations between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and periodontitis; however, causality has not been proven. The aim of this study is to assess the associations between COVID-19 susceptibility and periodontitis with two-sample Mendelian...
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PeerJ Inc.
2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/14595.pdf |
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| author | Zhaoqiang Meng Yujia Ma Wenjing Li Xuliang Deng |
| author_facet | Zhaoqiang Meng Yujia Ma Wenjing Li Xuliang Deng |
| author_sort | Zhaoqiang Meng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Objective Epidemiological studies report associations between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and periodontitis; however, causality has not been proven. The aim of this study is to assess the associations between COVID-19 susceptibility and periodontitis with two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Methods A two-sample summary MR analysis was performed using data for outcome and exposure from the OpenGWAS database on people of European descent. Periodontal complex traits (PCTs) were chosen as a proxy for the periodontitis phenotype. The causal association between PCT3 (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans), PCT5 (Porphyromonas gingivalis), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and COVID-19 were considered. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data with the two largest sample sizes were selected as COVID-19 outcomes (datasets ebi-a-GCST010776 and ebi-a-GCST010777). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PCT3, PCT5, and GCF IL-1β at statistical significance at genome-wide level (P < 5 × 10−8) were identified as genetic instruments. We used two-sample summary MR methods and tested the existence of a pleiotropic effect with MR-Egger. Results Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) estimates showed that there was a positive association between COVID-19 risk and periodontitis (ebi-a-GCST010776: odds ratio [OR] = 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00–1.05), P = 0.0171; ebi-a-GCST010777: OR = 1.03 (95% CI, 1.00–1.05), P = 0.0397). The weighted median also showed directionally similar estimates. Exploration of the causal associations between other PCTs and COVID-19 identified a slight effect of local inflammatory response (GCF IL-1β) on COVID-19 risk across the two datasets (ebi-a-GCST010776: IVW OR = 1.02 (95% CI, [1.01–1.03]), P < 0.001; ebi-a-GCST010777: IVW OR = 1.03 (95% CI, [1.02–1.04]), P < 0.001). The intercepts of MR-Egger yielded no proof for significant directional pleiotropy for either dataset (ebi-a-GCST010776: P = 0.7660; ebi-a-GCST010777: P = 0.6017). Conclusions The findings suggests that periodontitis and the higher GCF IL-1β levels is causally related to increase susceptibility of COVID-19. However, given the limitations of our study, the well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm its findings, which may represent a new non-pharmaceutical intervention for preventing COVID-19. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:23:00Z |
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| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9e0d2b2b13054176befa33d5b8b46b472023-12-03T11:31:51ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592023-01-0111e1459510.7717/peerj.14595Association between periodontitis and COVID-19 infection: a two-sample Mendelian randomization studyZhaoqiang Meng0Yujia Ma1Wenjing Li2Xuliang Deng3Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. ChinaBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, ChinaBackground and Objective Epidemiological studies report associations between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and periodontitis; however, causality has not been proven. The aim of this study is to assess the associations between COVID-19 susceptibility and periodontitis with two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Methods A two-sample summary MR analysis was performed using data for outcome and exposure from the OpenGWAS database on people of European descent. Periodontal complex traits (PCTs) were chosen as a proxy for the periodontitis phenotype. The causal association between PCT3 (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans), PCT5 (Porphyromonas gingivalis), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and COVID-19 were considered. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data with the two largest sample sizes were selected as COVID-19 outcomes (datasets ebi-a-GCST010776 and ebi-a-GCST010777). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PCT3, PCT5, and GCF IL-1β at statistical significance at genome-wide level (P < 5 × 10−8) were identified as genetic instruments. We used two-sample summary MR methods and tested the existence of a pleiotropic effect with MR-Egger. Results Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) estimates showed that there was a positive association between COVID-19 risk and periodontitis (ebi-a-GCST010776: odds ratio [OR] = 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00–1.05), P = 0.0171; ebi-a-GCST010777: OR = 1.03 (95% CI, 1.00–1.05), P = 0.0397). The weighted median also showed directionally similar estimates. Exploration of the causal associations between other PCTs and COVID-19 identified a slight effect of local inflammatory response (GCF IL-1β) on COVID-19 risk across the two datasets (ebi-a-GCST010776: IVW OR = 1.02 (95% CI, [1.01–1.03]), P < 0.001; ebi-a-GCST010777: IVW OR = 1.03 (95% CI, [1.02–1.04]), P < 0.001). The intercepts of MR-Egger yielded no proof for significant directional pleiotropy for either dataset (ebi-a-GCST010776: P = 0.7660; ebi-a-GCST010777: P = 0.6017). Conclusions The findings suggests that periodontitis and the higher GCF IL-1β levels is causally related to increase susceptibility of COVID-19. However, given the limitations of our study, the well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm its findings, which may represent a new non-pharmaceutical intervention for preventing COVID-19.https://peerj.com/articles/14595.pdfCOVID-19PeriodontitisMendelian randomization |
| spellingShingle | Zhaoqiang Meng Yujia Ma Wenjing Li Xuliang Deng Association between periodontitis and COVID-19 infection: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study PeerJ COVID-19 Periodontitis Mendelian randomization |
| title | Association between periodontitis and COVID-19 infection: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full | Association between periodontitis and COVID-19 infection: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_fullStr | Association between periodontitis and COVID-19 infection: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between periodontitis and COVID-19 infection: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_short | Association between periodontitis and COVID-19 infection: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_sort | association between periodontitis and covid 19 infection a two sample mendelian randomization study |
| topic | COVID-19 Periodontitis Mendelian randomization |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/14595.pdf |
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