Effect of Nitric Oxide on Browning of Stem Tip Explants of <i>Malus sieversii</i>
Browning is a major problem in the tissue culture of woody plants. Previous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in regulating plant responses to stress, but its effect on browning in the tissue culture of Malus remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of exogeno...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/11/1246 |
| _version_ | 1797459138418049024 |
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| author | Chen Yang Jiangfei Liu Xin Qin Yangbo Liu Mengyi Sui Yawen Zhang Yanli Hu Yunfei Mao Xiang Shen |
| author_facet | Chen Yang Jiangfei Liu Xin Qin Yangbo Liu Mengyi Sui Yawen Zhang Yanli Hu Yunfei Mao Xiang Shen |
| author_sort | Chen Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Browning is a major problem in the tissue culture of woody plants. Previous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in regulating plant responses to stress, but its effect on browning in the tissue culture of Malus remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the browning of <i>Malus sieversii</i> stem tip explants. The results demonstrated that the addition of 50 μM SNP significantly reduced explant browning. Further analysis revealed that exogenous NO decreased the browning index (BD) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and superoxide anion radical O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>. Additionally, NO treatment increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). NO treatment also enhanced the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), which contributed to the accumulation of flavonoids and inhibited the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), which are key enzymes involved in the browning process. Furthermore, 50 μM SNP significantly promoted the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), and soluble protein (SP). Therefore, the results suggest that NO is able to counteract excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage by enhancing both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, resulting in a reduction in browning in stem tip explants. Consequently, an improvement in the in vitro propagation efficiency of <i>Malus sieversii</i> shoot tip explants can be achieved. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:47:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e0ddad85d2140c7bcda390ddef3c14d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:47:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e0ddad85d2140c7bcda390ddef3c14d2023-11-24T14:45:24ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-11-01911124610.3390/horticulturae9111246Effect of Nitric Oxide on Browning of Stem Tip Explants of <i>Malus sieversii</i>Chen Yang0Jiangfei Liu1Xin Qin2Yangbo Liu3Mengyi Sui4Yawen Zhang5Yanli Hu6Yunfei Mao7Xiang Shen8College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, ChinaBrowning is a major problem in the tissue culture of woody plants. Previous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in regulating plant responses to stress, but its effect on browning in the tissue culture of Malus remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the browning of <i>Malus sieversii</i> stem tip explants. The results demonstrated that the addition of 50 μM SNP significantly reduced explant browning. Further analysis revealed that exogenous NO decreased the browning index (BD) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and superoxide anion radical O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>. Additionally, NO treatment increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). NO treatment also enhanced the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), which contributed to the accumulation of flavonoids and inhibited the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), which are key enzymes involved in the browning process. Furthermore, 50 μM SNP significantly promoted the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), and soluble protein (SP). Therefore, the results suggest that NO is able to counteract excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage by enhancing both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, resulting in a reduction in browning in stem tip explants. Consequently, an improvement in the in vitro propagation efficiency of <i>Malus sieversii</i> shoot tip explants can be achieved.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/11/1246sodium nitroprusside (SNP)<i>Malus sieversii</i>tissue culturereactive oxygen species (ROS)antioxidantsbrowning |
| spellingShingle | Chen Yang Jiangfei Liu Xin Qin Yangbo Liu Mengyi Sui Yawen Zhang Yanli Hu Yunfei Mao Xiang Shen Effect of Nitric Oxide on Browning of Stem Tip Explants of <i>Malus sieversii</i> Horticulturae sodium nitroprusside (SNP) <i>Malus sieversii</i> tissue culture reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidants browning |
| title | Effect of Nitric Oxide on Browning of Stem Tip Explants of <i>Malus sieversii</i> |
| title_full | Effect of Nitric Oxide on Browning of Stem Tip Explants of <i>Malus sieversii</i> |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Nitric Oxide on Browning of Stem Tip Explants of <i>Malus sieversii</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Nitric Oxide on Browning of Stem Tip Explants of <i>Malus sieversii</i> |
| title_short | Effect of Nitric Oxide on Browning of Stem Tip Explants of <i>Malus sieversii</i> |
| title_sort | effect of nitric oxide on browning of stem tip explants of i malus sieversii i |
| topic | sodium nitroprusside (SNP) <i>Malus sieversii</i> tissue culture reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidants browning |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/11/1246 |
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