Radicalization Processes and Transitional Phases in Female and Male Detainees Residing in Dutch Terrorism Wings
Background: Radicalization, violent extremism, and terrorism are risks to societal security. Although research on terrorism-related behaviors is increasing, thorough empirical studies are rare. Methods: This study investigates radicalization processes and transitions in a matched sample of female an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Behavioral Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/10/877 |
| _version_ | 1797574674502123520 |
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| author | Gaby Thijssen Jelle Sijtsema Stefan Bogaerts Lys van de Voorde Erik Masthoff |
| author_facet | Gaby Thijssen Jelle Sijtsema Stefan Bogaerts Lys van de Voorde Erik Masthoff |
| author_sort | Gaby Thijssen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Radicalization, violent extremism, and terrorism are risks to societal security. Although research on terrorism-related behaviors is increasing, thorough empirical studies are rare. Methods: This study investigates radicalization processes and transitions in a matched sample of female and male terrorist suspects and convicts (N = 26) residing in Dutch penitentiary terrorism wings. Results: Results show that both men and women often experienced discrimination. A subgroup of women grew up in a stressful family environment and lacked emotional support from their family, whereas the other women did not experience such circumstances. The majority of the study sample was susceptible to connecting with radicalized friends or family members. Interestingly, factors that initially led to radicalization (e.g., a utopian image of the Islamic State) could later turn out to be factors associated with abandoning extremism. Conclusions: In this study, differences in radicalization processes and transitional phases between women and men emerged. Men more often had police contact prior to a terrorism-related offense. Making an effort to right old mistakes seemed important in the radicalization processes of men, whereas women had a stronger desire for emotional support and were more driven by experienced trauma and feelings of loneliness. This study provides input for gender-specific prevention and disengagement interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:26:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e1045bcc18d43f4aa3a82d60ed0f160 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-328X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:26:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Behavioral Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e1045bcc18d43f4aa3a82d60ed0f1602023-11-19T15:41:02ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2023-10-01131087710.3390/bs13100877Radicalization Processes and Transitional Phases in Female and Male Detainees Residing in Dutch Terrorism WingsGaby Thijssen0Jelle Sijtsema1Stefan Bogaerts2Lys van de Voorde3Erik Masthoff4Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The NetherlandsTilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The NetherlandsTilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The NetherlandsInstitute for Criminal Law and Criminology, University of Leiden, 2311 EZ Leiden, The NetherlandsTilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The NetherlandsBackground: Radicalization, violent extremism, and terrorism are risks to societal security. Although research on terrorism-related behaviors is increasing, thorough empirical studies are rare. Methods: This study investigates radicalization processes and transitions in a matched sample of female and male terrorist suspects and convicts (N = 26) residing in Dutch penitentiary terrorism wings. Results: Results show that both men and women often experienced discrimination. A subgroup of women grew up in a stressful family environment and lacked emotional support from their family, whereas the other women did not experience such circumstances. The majority of the study sample was susceptible to connecting with radicalized friends or family members. Interestingly, factors that initially led to radicalization (e.g., a utopian image of the Islamic State) could later turn out to be factors associated with abandoning extremism. Conclusions: In this study, differences in radicalization processes and transitional phases between women and men emerged. Men more often had police contact prior to a terrorism-related offense. Making an effort to right old mistakes seemed important in the radicalization processes of men, whereas women had a stronger desire for emotional support and were more driven by experienced trauma and feelings of loneliness. This study provides input for gender-specific prevention and disengagement interventions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/10/877radicalization processesturning pointsderadicalizationviolent extremism |
| spellingShingle | Gaby Thijssen Jelle Sijtsema Stefan Bogaerts Lys van de Voorde Erik Masthoff Radicalization Processes and Transitional Phases in Female and Male Detainees Residing in Dutch Terrorism Wings Behavioral Sciences radicalization processes turning points deradicalization violent extremism |
| title | Radicalization Processes and Transitional Phases in Female and Male Detainees Residing in Dutch Terrorism Wings |
| title_full | Radicalization Processes and Transitional Phases in Female and Male Detainees Residing in Dutch Terrorism Wings |
| title_fullStr | Radicalization Processes and Transitional Phases in Female and Male Detainees Residing in Dutch Terrorism Wings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Radicalization Processes and Transitional Phases in Female and Male Detainees Residing in Dutch Terrorism Wings |
| title_short | Radicalization Processes and Transitional Phases in Female and Male Detainees Residing in Dutch Terrorism Wings |
| title_sort | radicalization processes and transitional phases in female and male detainees residing in dutch terrorism wings |
| topic | radicalization processes turning points deradicalization violent extremism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/10/877 |
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