Modeling Fate and Transport of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Waters of a Tropical Mexican Lake to Predict Pollution Scenarios
The tropical lake Chapala is an important source of drinking water in western Mexico since it supplies ~65% of the water consumed in the urban city of Guadalajara. To obtain different pollution scenarios, the presence of pollutants in this waterbody was modeled using a coupled hydraulic and transpor...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/9/1639 |
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| author | Jorge I. Alvarez-Bobadilla Jorge O. Murillo-Delgado Jessica Badillo-Camacho Icela D. Barcelo-Quintal Pedro F. Zárate-del Valle Eire Reynaga-Delgado Sergio Gomez-Salazar |
| author_facet | Jorge I. Alvarez-Bobadilla Jorge O. Murillo-Delgado Jessica Badillo-Camacho Icela D. Barcelo-Quintal Pedro F. Zárate-del Valle Eire Reynaga-Delgado Sergio Gomez-Salazar |
| author_sort | Jorge I. Alvarez-Bobadilla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The tropical lake Chapala is an important source of drinking water in western Mexico since it supplies ~65% of the water consumed in the urban city of Guadalajara. To obtain different pollution scenarios, the presence of pollutants in this waterbody was modeled using a coupled hydraulic and transport model. Two water sampling campaigns were modeled. The governing equations were applied using the routines RMA2 and RMA4 in the Surface-Water Modeling System (SMS) software V 8.1. Hydraulic and transport models were calibrated to describe the water level, velocity, and fate of pollutants. The numerical model showed satisfactory results for the simulated data, analyzed against water level, current velocity, and pollutants measurement data through the Relative Percentage Deviation (RPD), except for ~20% of the sites and the 12-month simulation periods. The hydraulic calibrations showed that the dispersion coefficients were higher for nutrients compared to metals, indicating that the nutrients are dispersed throughout the lake and have a stronger impact on the lake’s water quality. The hydraulic model simulations indicated the presence of points in the central-eastern zone, the lowest concentration of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>PO</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, which can be attributed to the presence of vortexing. The metal simulations indicated that the dissolved Ni was the best approximation to the measured values. This is the first study on Lake Chapala regarding the modeling fate and transport of pollutants in relation to the prediction of pollution scenarios. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:03:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e1196c33f6d40c29668219556422d4e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:03:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e1196c33f6d40c29668219556422d4e2023-11-17T23:56:25ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-04-01159163910.3390/w15091639Modeling Fate and Transport of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Waters of a Tropical Mexican Lake to Predict Pollution ScenariosJorge I. Alvarez-Bobadilla0Jorge O. Murillo-Delgado1Jessica Badillo-Camacho2Icela D. Barcelo-Quintal3Pedro F. Zárate-del Valle4Eire Reynaga-Delgado5Sergio Gomez-Salazar6Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara-CUCEI, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán # 1421, Esq. Calzada Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara-CUCEI, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán # 1421, Esq. Calzada Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara-CUCEI, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán # 1421, Esq. Calzada Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo Xalpa180, Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas, Azcapotzalco, Mexico City 02200, MexicoDepartamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara-CUCEI, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán # 1421, Esq. Calzada Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Farmacobiología, Universidad de Guadalajara-CUCEI, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán # 1421, Esq. Calzada Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guadalajara-CUCEI, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán # 1421, Esq. Calzada Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, MexicoThe tropical lake Chapala is an important source of drinking water in western Mexico since it supplies ~65% of the water consumed in the urban city of Guadalajara. To obtain different pollution scenarios, the presence of pollutants in this waterbody was modeled using a coupled hydraulic and transport model. Two water sampling campaigns were modeled. The governing equations were applied using the routines RMA2 and RMA4 in the Surface-Water Modeling System (SMS) software V 8.1. Hydraulic and transport models were calibrated to describe the water level, velocity, and fate of pollutants. The numerical model showed satisfactory results for the simulated data, analyzed against water level, current velocity, and pollutants measurement data through the Relative Percentage Deviation (RPD), except for ~20% of the sites and the 12-month simulation periods. The hydraulic calibrations showed that the dispersion coefficients were higher for nutrients compared to metals, indicating that the nutrients are dispersed throughout the lake and have a stronger impact on the lake’s water quality. The hydraulic model simulations indicated the presence of points in the central-eastern zone, the lowest concentration of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>PO</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, which can be attributed to the presence of vortexing. The metal simulations indicated that the dissolved Ni was the best approximation to the measured values. This is the first study on Lake Chapala regarding the modeling fate and transport of pollutants in relation to the prediction of pollution scenarios.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/9/1639Lake ChapalaRAM2RAM4SMSnutrientsheavy metals |
| spellingShingle | Jorge I. Alvarez-Bobadilla Jorge O. Murillo-Delgado Jessica Badillo-Camacho Icela D. Barcelo-Quintal Pedro F. Zárate-del Valle Eire Reynaga-Delgado Sergio Gomez-Salazar Modeling Fate and Transport of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Waters of a Tropical Mexican Lake to Predict Pollution Scenarios Water Lake Chapala RAM2 RAM4 SMS nutrients heavy metals |
| title | Modeling Fate and Transport of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Waters of a Tropical Mexican Lake to Predict Pollution Scenarios |
| title_full | Modeling Fate and Transport of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Waters of a Tropical Mexican Lake to Predict Pollution Scenarios |
| title_fullStr | Modeling Fate and Transport of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Waters of a Tropical Mexican Lake to Predict Pollution Scenarios |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling Fate and Transport of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Waters of a Tropical Mexican Lake to Predict Pollution Scenarios |
| title_short | Modeling Fate and Transport of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Waters of a Tropical Mexican Lake to Predict Pollution Scenarios |
| title_sort | modeling fate and transport of nutrients and heavy metals in the waters of a tropical mexican lake to predict pollution scenarios |
| topic | Lake Chapala RAM2 RAM4 SMS nutrients heavy metals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/9/1639 |
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