Numerical Study over the Effects of a Designed Submerged Breakwater on the Coastal Sediment Transport in the Pescara Harbour (Italy)
In 1997, in front of the Pescara Harbour (Italy), a detached breakwater was constructed. In the successive years, the sediment transport due to the combined action of waves and coastal currents, in the area between the detached breakwater and the entrance of the Pescara Harbour, produced an accumula...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/7/487 |
| _version_ | 1797563514850639872 |
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| author | Francesco Gallerano Federica Palleschi Benedetta Iele |
| author_facet | Francesco Gallerano Federica Palleschi Benedetta Iele |
| author_sort | Francesco Gallerano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In 1997, in front of the Pescara Harbour (Italy), a detached breakwater was constructed. In the successive years, the sediment transport due to the combined action of waves and coastal currents, in the area between the detached breakwater and the entrance of the Pescara Harbour, produced an accumulation of about <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mn>40,000</mn> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> </mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> of sediment per year. In this paper, the causes of the accretion of the bottom elevation in front of the Pescara Harbour entrance and the effects produced by the existing detached breakwater are investigated. The effects on the sediment transport of the introduction of a new submerged breakwater designed to protect the entrance of the harbour from sediment siltation are investigated. In particular, the ability of the designed submerged breakwater, located orthogonally to the longshore current, to intercept the aforementioned solid material and to significantly reduce the accretion of the bottom in the area in front of the harbour entrance, was numerically verified. Numerical simulations were carried out by means of a model of the bottom-change composed of two sub-models: a two-dimensional phase resolving model that is used to calculate the fluid dynamic variables changing inside the wave period and a second sediment transport sub-model to simulate the bottom changes, in which the suspended sediment concentration is calculated by the wave-averaged advection–diffusion equation. The equations of motion, in which the vector and tensor quantities are expressed in Cartesian components, are written in a generalised curvilinear coordinate system. The fully nonlinear Boussinesq equations are written in an integral form and used to simulate the velocity fields. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:44:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e16d80e305e415d9054fe578a8990a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:44:43Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e16d80e305e415d9054fe578a8990a32023-11-20T05:35:39ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122020-07-018748710.3390/jmse8070487Numerical Study over the Effects of a Designed Submerged Breakwater on the Coastal Sediment Transport in the Pescara Harbour (Italy)Francesco Gallerano0Federica Palleschi1Benedetta Iele2Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyIn 1997, in front of the Pescara Harbour (Italy), a detached breakwater was constructed. In the successive years, the sediment transport due to the combined action of waves and coastal currents, in the area between the detached breakwater and the entrance of the Pescara Harbour, produced an accumulation of about <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mn>40,000</mn> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> </mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> of sediment per year. In this paper, the causes of the accretion of the bottom elevation in front of the Pescara Harbour entrance and the effects produced by the existing detached breakwater are investigated. The effects on the sediment transport of the introduction of a new submerged breakwater designed to protect the entrance of the harbour from sediment siltation are investigated. In particular, the ability of the designed submerged breakwater, located orthogonally to the longshore current, to intercept the aforementioned solid material and to significantly reduce the accretion of the bottom in the area in front of the harbour entrance, was numerically verified. Numerical simulations were carried out by means of a model of the bottom-change composed of two sub-models: a two-dimensional phase resolving model that is used to calculate the fluid dynamic variables changing inside the wave period and a second sediment transport sub-model to simulate the bottom changes, in which the suspended sediment concentration is calculated by the wave-averaged advection–diffusion equation. The equations of motion, in which the vector and tensor quantities are expressed in Cartesian components, are written in a generalised curvilinear coordinate system. The fully nonlinear Boussinesq equations are written in an integral form and used to simulate the velocity fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/7/487harbour case studysubmerged breakwatersphase-resolving modelintra-wave quantitiesconcentration equationsediment transport |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Gallerano Federica Palleschi Benedetta Iele Numerical Study over the Effects of a Designed Submerged Breakwater on the Coastal Sediment Transport in the Pescara Harbour (Italy) Journal of Marine Science and Engineering harbour case study submerged breakwaters phase-resolving model intra-wave quantities concentration equation sediment transport |
| title | Numerical Study over the Effects of a Designed Submerged Breakwater on the Coastal Sediment Transport in the Pescara Harbour (Italy) |
| title_full | Numerical Study over the Effects of a Designed Submerged Breakwater on the Coastal Sediment Transport in the Pescara Harbour (Italy) |
| title_fullStr | Numerical Study over the Effects of a Designed Submerged Breakwater on the Coastal Sediment Transport in the Pescara Harbour (Italy) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Study over the Effects of a Designed Submerged Breakwater on the Coastal Sediment Transport in the Pescara Harbour (Italy) |
| title_short | Numerical Study over the Effects of a Designed Submerged Breakwater on the Coastal Sediment Transport in the Pescara Harbour (Italy) |
| title_sort | numerical study over the effects of a designed submerged breakwater on the coastal sediment transport in the pescara harbour italy |
| topic | harbour case study submerged breakwaters phase-resolving model intra-wave quantities concentration equation sediment transport |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/7/487 |
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