Evaluation of Impacted Canines Utilizing Three Radiographic Methods in Orthodontic Patients in Benin City, Nigeria
Background: Impacted canines are one of the most commonly missing teeth in the oral cavity and traditionally, two dimensional (2-D) radiographic views have been utilized in localizing such teeth. The introduction of the 3-D Cone Beam Computed Tomography was to enable localization in three dimension...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nigerian Medical Association, Akwa Ibom State Branch
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Ibom Medical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://ibommedicaljournal.org/index.php/imjhome/article/view/313 |
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| author | Ize-Iyamu IN Otaren JN |
| author_facet | Ize-Iyamu IN Otaren JN |
| author_sort | Ize-Iyamu IN |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Background: Impacted canines are one of the most commonly missing teeth in the oral cavity and traditionally, two dimensional (2-D) radiographic views have been utilized in localizing such teeth. The introduction of the 3-D Cone Beam Computed Tomography was to enable localization in three dimensions. A reliable and concise radiographic technique will enable proper diagnosis of the type and extent of impaction and aid in choosing the proper treatment and also monitor treatment progression.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate impacted canines in orthodontic patients utilizing three radiographic methods in Benin City, Nigeria.
Methods: In this prospective study, 34 pre-orthodontic patients (30 with unilateral and 4 with bilateral impactions) and a total number of 38 impacted canines were selected. The Lateral Cephalometric radiograph was used to determine the patients’ orthodontic problem. Three groups of participants were selected and identified based on the radiographic method utilized; with group 1, the periapical / Occlusal group (POCC, n=13); group 2, the Orthopantomogram group (OPG, n=13). The third group was the Cone Beam Computed Tomography group (CBCT, n=12). Impacted canines were detected and the position assessed and classified utilizing three radiographic methods into classes I to VI. The differences between groups and correlations between variables were determined with the student’s t-test and the Spearman correlation coefficient respectively. Significant values of P<0.05 were applied.
Results: The mean age of participants was 18.29±6.15 years. A total number of 30(78.9%) impactions were seen in the upper jaw and 8(21.1%) in the lower jaw. Bilateral impactions were seen in the upper jaw of 3(7.9%) patients and 1(2.6%) in the lower jaw respectively. The position of the canines could only be identified clearly in classes I and II from group 1. Group 2 (OPG) was the least definite in identifying accurately the position of the canines. The CBCT (Group 3) did not record any impaction in the lower jaw. Consecutive paraxial cuts at 1.5mm interval on the CBCT showed the position of the canines to be in Class I in 6(50%), class II in 3(25%) and classes III in 2(16.7%) and VI in 1(8.3%) respectively in the upper jaw.
Conclusion: The CBCT appears to be the most reliable method of identifying the position and depth of impacted canines.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:16:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e189b68675b4f9bbb167d4ffdbc1931 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1597-7188 2735-9964 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:16:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Nigerian Medical Association, Akwa Ibom State Branch |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ibom Medical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e189b68675b4f9bbb167d4ffdbc19312024-03-06T11:55:24ZengNigerian Medical Association, Akwa Ibom State BranchIbom Medical Journal1597-71882735-99642023-05-0116210.61386/imj.v16i2.313Evaluation of Impacted Canines Utilizing Three Radiographic Methods in Orthodontic Patients in Benin City, NigeriaIze-Iyamu IN0Otaren JN1Department of Preventive Dentistry, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, P.O.Box 7022, Benin City, Edo State, NigeriaDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, University of Benin Teaching Hospital and, Benin City, Nigeria Background: Impacted canines are one of the most commonly missing teeth in the oral cavity and traditionally, two dimensional (2-D) radiographic views have been utilized in localizing such teeth. The introduction of the 3-D Cone Beam Computed Tomography was to enable localization in three dimensions. A reliable and concise radiographic technique will enable proper diagnosis of the type and extent of impaction and aid in choosing the proper treatment and also monitor treatment progression. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate impacted canines in orthodontic patients utilizing three radiographic methods in Benin City, Nigeria. Methods: In this prospective study, 34 pre-orthodontic patients (30 with unilateral and 4 with bilateral impactions) and a total number of 38 impacted canines were selected. The Lateral Cephalometric radiograph was used to determine the patients’ orthodontic problem. Three groups of participants were selected and identified based on the radiographic method utilized; with group 1, the periapical / Occlusal group (POCC, n=13); group 2, the Orthopantomogram group (OPG, n=13). The third group was the Cone Beam Computed Tomography group (CBCT, n=12). Impacted canines were detected and the position assessed and classified utilizing three radiographic methods into classes I to VI. The differences between groups and correlations between variables were determined with the student’s t-test and the Spearman correlation coefficient respectively. Significant values of P<0.05 were applied. Results: The mean age of participants was 18.29±6.15 years. A total number of 30(78.9%) impactions were seen in the upper jaw and 8(21.1%) in the lower jaw. Bilateral impactions were seen in the upper jaw of 3(7.9%) patients and 1(2.6%) in the lower jaw respectively. The position of the canines could only be identified clearly in classes I and II from group 1. Group 2 (OPG) was the least definite in identifying accurately the position of the canines. The CBCT (Group 3) did not record any impaction in the lower jaw. Consecutive paraxial cuts at 1.5mm interval on the CBCT showed the position of the canines to be in Class I in 6(50%), class II in 3(25%) and classes III in 2(16.7%) and VI in 1(8.3%) respectively in the upper jaw. Conclusion: The CBCT appears to be the most reliable method of identifying the position and depth of impacted canines. https://ibommedicaljournal.org/index.php/imjhome/article/view/313Impacted caninesperiapical x-rayOcclusalOrthopantomogramCBCT |
| spellingShingle | Ize-Iyamu IN Otaren JN Evaluation of Impacted Canines Utilizing Three Radiographic Methods in Orthodontic Patients in Benin City, Nigeria Ibom Medical Journal Impacted canines periapical x-ray Occlusal Orthopantomogram CBCT |
| title | Evaluation of Impacted Canines Utilizing Three Radiographic Methods in Orthodontic Patients in Benin City, Nigeria |
| title_full | Evaluation of Impacted Canines Utilizing Three Radiographic Methods in Orthodontic Patients in Benin City, Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Impacted Canines Utilizing Three Radiographic Methods in Orthodontic Patients in Benin City, Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Impacted Canines Utilizing Three Radiographic Methods in Orthodontic Patients in Benin City, Nigeria |
| title_short | Evaluation of Impacted Canines Utilizing Three Radiographic Methods in Orthodontic Patients in Benin City, Nigeria |
| title_sort | evaluation of impacted canines utilizing three radiographic methods in orthodontic patients in benin city nigeria |
| topic | Impacted canines periapical x-ray Occlusal Orthopantomogram CBCT |
| url | https://ibommedicaljournal.org/index.php/imjhome/article/view/313 |
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