Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort
Abstract Backgrounds Myopia has become a global public health problem. Children with early onset of myopia are at particular risk of complications associated with myopia. Younger children and children with greater initial myopic refractive errors are at a greater risk of myopia progression. Therefor...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2021-07-01
|
| Series: | BMC Ophthalmology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-021-02045-8 |
| _version_ | 1818619732047167488 |
|---|---|
| author | Lei Liu Rui Li Dan Huang Xiao Lin Hui Zhu Yue Wang Xiaoyan Zhao Xiaohan Zhang Hu Liu |
| author_facet | Lei Liu Rui Li Dan Huang Xiao Lin Hui Zhu Yue Wang Xiaoyan Zhao Xiaohan Zhang Hu Liu |
| author_sort | Lei Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Backgrounds Myopia has become a global public health problem. Children with early onset of myopia are at particular risk of complications associated with myopia. Younger children and children with greater initial myopic refractive errors are at a greater risk of myopia progression. Therefore, it is essential to identify subjects at high risk of developing myopia to facilitate myopia prevention in the early stage, especially during the preschool period. The purpose of this study was to determine whether premyopia and myopia in preschool children can be predicted by easily obtainable parameters. Methods Data was collected in a population-based cohort. Comprehensive examinations included height, weight, refraction, axial length (AL), and corneal radius of curvature (CR), with a follow-up of 2 years. Parental myopia history was obtained from a questionnaire. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ − 0.50 D. Premyopia was defined as − 0.50 D < SE ≤ + 0.75 D. Multivariate linear regression models were fitted to determine the associations between these parameters at baseline and future SE. To predict premyopia and myopia, Cox proportional hazard regression analysis coupled with a nomogram was used. Results A total of 830 children (433 boys and 397 girls) were included (40.83 ± 3.43 months old at baseline). A significantly negative relationship was observed in the multivariate analysis between baseline AL, AL/CR, two myopic parents, and the future SE after adjusting for age and gender (coefficient = − 0.291, coefficient = − 5.791, coefficient = − 0.273, respectively, both p < 0.001). Higher baseline AL, AL/CR (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.916, HR = 2.979, respectively, comparing the top quartile with the bottom quartile, both p < 0.001) and two myopic parents (HR = 1.756, compared to no myopic parents, p = 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of future onset of premyopia. From the nomogram, AL/CR was found to have the most enormous effect on survival. Different baseline AL and AL/CR values (both Log Rank p < 0.001) had different survival curves. Conclusions AL and AL/CR could be used as obtainable indicators for identifying subjects at high risk of developing premyopia and myopia in young preschool children. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:42:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e1dbc75062d44b8abfc2793e02b0b11 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2415 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:42:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e1dbc75062d44b8abfc2793e02b0b112022-12-21T22:22:33ZengBMCBMC Ophthalmology1471-24152021-07-0121111010.1186/s12886-021-02045-8Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohortLei Liu0Rui Li1Dan Huang2Xiao Lin3Hui Zhu4Yue Wang5Xiaoyan Zhao6Xiaohan Zhang7Hu Liu8Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Child Healthcare, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityUniversity of Houston, College of OptometryDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Children’s HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityAbstract Backgrounds Myopia has become a global public health problem. Children with early onset of myopia are at particular risk of complications associated with myopia. Younger children and children with greater initial myopic refractive errors are at a greater risk of myopia progression. Therefore, it is essential to identify subjects at high risk of developing myopia to facilitate myopia prevention in the early stage, especially during the preschool period. The purpose of this study was to determine whether premyopia and myopia in preschool children can be predicted by easily obtainable parameters. Methods Data was collected in a population-based cohort. Comprehensive examinations included height, weight, refraction, axial length (AL), and corneal radius of curvature (CR), with a follow-up of 2 years. Parental myopia history was obtained from a questionnaire. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ − 0.50 D. Premyopia was defined as − 0.50 D < SE ≤ + 0.75 D. Multivariate linear regression models were fitted to determine the associations between these parameters at baseline and future SE. To predict premyopia and myopia, Cox proportional hazard regression analysis coupled with a nomogram was used. Results A total of 830 children (433 boys and 397 girls) were included (40.83 ± 3.43 months old at baseline). A significantly negative relationship was observed in the multivariate analysis between baseline AL, AL/CR, two myopic parents, and the future SE after adjusting for age and gender (coefficient = − 0.291, coefficient = − 5.791, coefficient = − 0.273, respectively, both p < 0.001). Higher baseline AL, AL/CR (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.916, HR = 2.979, respectively, comparing the top quartile with the bottom quartile, both p < 0.001) and two myopic parents (HR = 1.756, compared to no myopic parents, p = 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of future onset of premyopia. From the nomogram, AL/CR was found to have the most enormous effect on survival. Different baseline AL and AL/CR values (both Log Rank p < 0.001) had different survival curves. Conclusions AL and AL/CR could be used as obtainable indicators for identifying subjects at high risk of developing premyopia and myopia in young preschool children.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-021-02045-8PremyopiaMyopiaPredictionPreschool children |
| spellingShingle | Lei Liu Rui Li Dan Huang Xiao Lin Hui Zhu Yue Wang Xiaoyan Zhao Xiaohan Zhang Hu Liu Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort BMC Ophthalmology Premyopia Myopia Prediction Preschool children |
| title | Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort |
| title_full | Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort |
| title_fullStr | Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort |
| title_short | Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort |
| title_sort | prediction of premyopia and myopia in chinese preschool children a longitudinal cohort |
| topic | Premyopia Myopia Prediction Preschool children |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-021-02045-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leiliu predictionofpremyopiaandmyopiainchinesepreschoolchildrenalongitudinalcohort AT ruili predictionofpremyopiaandmyopiainchinesepreschoolchildrenalongitudinalcohort AT danhuang predictionofpremyopiaandmyopiainchinesepreschoolchildrenalongitudinalcohort AT xiaolin predictionofpremyopiaandmyopiainchinesepreschoolchildrenalongitudinalcohort AT huizhu predictionofpremyopiaandmyopiainchinesepreschoolchildrenalongitudinalcohort AT yuewang predictionofpremyopiaandmyopiainchinesepreschoolchildrenalongitudinalcohort AT xiaoyanzhao predictionofpremyopiaandmyopiainchinesepreschoolchildrenalongitudinalcohort AT xiaohanzhang predictionofpremyopiaandmyopiainchinesepreschoolchildrenalongitudinalcohort AT huliu predictionofpremyopiaandmyopiainchinesepreschoolchildrenalongitudinalcohort |