Molecular Detection of Cordycepin-Induced HeLa Cell Apoptosis with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Cordycepin, extracted from the medicinal mushroom <i>Cordyceps militaris</i>, was shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Yet its anticancer function was limitedly evaluated, and the mechanism was not entirely elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of cordycepin in i...
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| author | Pei Ma Lei Xu Luyao Wang Nan Chen Xuedian Zhang Hui Chen Junying Li |
| author_facet | Pei Ma Lei Xu Luyao Wang Nan Chen Xuedian Zhang Hui Chen Junying Li |
| author_sort | Pei Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cordycepin, extracted from the medicinal mushroom <i>Cordyceps militaris</i>, was shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Yet its anticancer function was limitedly evaluated, and the mechanism was not entirely elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of cordycepin in inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells and investigated its apoptosis-inducing mechanism through label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SERS spectral changes revealed detailed molecular changes in both early and late stages of apoptosis. Importantly, SERS characteristic peaks at 805 and 1438 cm<sup>−1</sup>, which were assigned to RNA, continued to decrease significantly from early to late apoptosis stages. It indicated that cordycepin induced HeLa cell apoptosis mainly through interfering with RNA production, potentially by restraining the translation of RNA encoding ribosomal proteins. Meanwhile, apoptotic cells and their apoptosis stage could be easily differentiated by SERS-based principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the morphological changes of early and late-stage apoptotic cells were illustrated by differential interference contrast and fluorescence microscopic imaging. Therefore, the natural ingredient, cordycepin, could serve as a promising anticancer candidate. Our biological model of cell apoptosis in vitro, the non-invasive and rapid SERS technique, combined with PCA analysis, could be a powerful tool in the investigation of cell apoptosis mechanisms and anticancer drug screening. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T19:10:51Z |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T19:10:51Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9e2256b70a4b4da98ec488ef88564f382022-12-21T19:29:13ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172019-09-01919399010.3390/app9193990app9193990Molecular Detection of Cordycepin-Induced HeLa Cell Apoptosis with Surface-Enhanced Raman SpectroscopyPei Ma0Lei Xu1Luyao Wang2Nan Chen3Xuedian Zhang4Hui Chen5Junying Li6Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaCordycepin, extracted from the medicinal mushroom <i>Cordyceps militaris</i>, was shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Yet its anticancer function was limitedly evaluated, and the mechanism was not entirely elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of cordycepin in inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells and investigated its apoptosis-inducing mechanism through label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SERS spectral changes revealed detailed molecular changes in both early and late stages of apoptosis. Importantly, SERS characteristic peaks at 805 and 1438 cm<sup>−1</sup>, which were assigned to RNA, continued to decrease significantly from early to late apoptosis stages. It indicated that cordycepin induced HeLa cell apoptosis mainly through interfering with RNA production, potentially by restraining the translation of RNA encoding ribosomal proteins. Meanwhile, apoptotic cells and their apoptosis stage could be easily differentiated by SERS-based principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the morphological changes of early and late-stage apoptotic cells were illustrated by differential interference contrast and fluorescence microscopic imaging. Therefore, the natural ingredient, cordycepin, could serve as a promising anticancer candidate. Our biological model of cell apoptosis in vitro, the non-invasive and rapid SERS technique, combined with PCA analysis, could be a powerful tool in the investigation of cell apoptosis mechanisms and anticancer drug screening.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/19/3990surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)cell apoptosiscordycepinprincipal component analysis (PCA) |
| spellingShingle | Pei Ma Lei Xu Luyao Wang Nan Chen Xuedian Zhang Hui Chen Junying Li Molecular Detection of Cordycepin-Induced HeLa Cell Apoptosis with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Applied Sciences surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) cell apoptosis cordycepin principal component analysis (PCA) |
| title | Molecular Detection of Cordycepin-Induced HeLa Cell Apoptosis with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_full | Molecular Detection of Cordycepin-Induced HeLa Cell Apoptosis with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Detection of Cordycepin-Induced HeLa Cell Apoptosis with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Detection of Cordycepin-Induced HeLa Cell Apoptosis with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_short | Molecular Detection of Cordycepin-Induced HeLa Cell Apoptosis with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_sort | molecular detection of cordycepin induced hela cell apoptosis with surface enhanced raman spectroscopy |
| topic | surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) cell apoptosis cordycepin principal component analysis (PCA) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/19/3990 |
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