| Summary: | Speech is the primary way via which most humans communicate. Computers facilitate this transfer of information, especially when people interact with databases. While some methods to manipulate and interpret speech date back many decades (e.g., Fourier analysis), other processing techniques were developed late last century (e.g., linear predictive coding and hidden Markov models). Nonetheless, the last 25 years have seen major advances leading to the wide acceptance of computer-based speech processing, e.g., cellular telephones and real-time online conversations. This paper reviews older techniques and recent methods that focus largely on artificial neural networks. The major highlights in speech research are examined, without delving into mathematical detail, while giving insight into the research choices that have been made. The focus of this work is to understand how and why the discussed methods function well.
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