Discovery and validation of acetyl-L-carnitine in serum for diagnosis of major depressive disorder and remission status through metabolomic approach
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that accompany psychophysiological and mood changes. However, the pathophysiology-based disease mechanism of MDD is not yet fully understood, and diagnosis is also conducted through interviews with clinicians and patient...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1002828/full |
| _version_ | 1798018739801686016 |
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| author | Seungyeon Lee Sora Mun You-Rim Lee Hyebin Choi Eun-Jeong Joo Eun-Jeong Joo Hee-Gyoo Kang Hee-Gyoo Kang Jiyeong Lee |
| author_facet | Seungyeon Lee Sora Mun You-Rim Lee Hyebin Choi Eun-Jeong Joo Eun-Jeong Joo Hee-Gyoo Kang Hee-Gyoo Kang Jiyeong Lee |
| author_sort | Seungyeon Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that accompany psychophysiological and mood changes. However, the pathophysiology-based disease mechanism of MDD is not yet fully understood, and diagnosis is also conducted through interviews with clinicians and patients. Diagnosis and treatment of MDD are limited due to the absence of biomarkers underlying the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD. Although various attempts have been made to discover metabolite biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment response of MDD, problems with sample size and consistency of results have limited clinical application. In addition, it was reported that future biomarker studies must consider exposure to antidepressants, which is the main cause of heterogeneity in depression subgroups. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discover and validate biomarkers for the diagnosis of depression in consideration of exposure to drug treatment including antidepressants that contribute to the heterogeneity of the MDD subgroup. In the biomarker discovery and validation set, the disease group consisted of a mixture of patients exposed and unexposed to drug treatment including antidepressants for the treatment of MDD. The serum metabolites that differed between the MDD patients and the control group were profiled using mass spectrometry. The validation set including the remission group was used to verify the effectiveness as a biomarker for the diagnosis of depression and determination of remission status. The presence of different metabolites between the two groups was confirmed through serum metabolite profiling between the MDD patient group and the control group. Finally, Acetylcarnitine was selected as a biomarker. In validation, acetylcarnitine was significantly decreased in MDD and was distinguished from remission status. This study confirmed that the discovered acetylcarnitine has potential as a biomarker for diagnosing depression and determining remission status, regardless of exposure to drug treatment including antidepressants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T16:29:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e25910f9bb24010be2f6db8492daa8e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T16:29:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e25910f9bb24010be2f6db8492daa8e2022-12-22T04:14:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402022-11-011310.3389/fpsyt.2022.10028281002828Discovery and validation of acetyl-L-carnitine in serum for diagnosis of major depressive disorder and remission status through metabolomic approachSeungyeon Lee0Sora Mun1You-Rim Lee2Hyebin Choi3Eun-Jeong Joo4Eun-Jeong Joo5Hee-Gyoo Kang6Hee-Gyoo Kang7Jiyeong Lee8Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South KoreaDepartment of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, South KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South KoreaDepartment of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South KoreaMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that accompany psychophysiological and mood changes. However, the pathophysiology-based disease mechanism of MDD is not yet fully understood, and diagnosis is also conducted through interviews with clinicians and patients. Diagnosis and treatment of MDD are limited due to the absence of biomarkers underlying the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD. Although various attempts have been made to discover metabolite biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment response of MDD, problems with sample size and consistency of results have limited clinical application. In addition, it was reported that future biomarker studies must consider exposure to antidepressants, which is the main cause of heterogeneity in depression subgroups. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discover and validate biomarkers for the diagnosis of depression in consideration of exposure to drug treatment including antidepressants that contribute to the heterogeneity of the MDD subgroup. In the biomarker discovery and validation set, the disease group consisted of a mixture of patients exposed and unexposed to drug treatment including antidepressants for the treatment of MDD. The serum metabolites that differed between the MDD patients and the control group were profiled using mass spectrometry. The validation set including the remission group was used to verify the effectiveness as a biomarker for the diagnosis of depression and determination of remission status. The presence of different metabolites between the two groups was confirmed through serum metabolite profiling between the MDD patient group and the control group. Finally, Acetylcarnitine was selected as a biomarker. In validation, acetylcarnitine was significantly decreased in MDD and was distinguished from remission status. This study confirmed that the discovered acetylcarnitine has potential as a biomarker for diagnosing depression and determining remission status, regardless of exposure to drug treatment including antidepressants.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1002828/fullmetabolitebiomarkermajor depressive disorderacetylcarnitineremission statusdrug treatment |
| spellingShingle | Seungyeon Lee Sora Mun You-Rim Lee Hyebin Choi Eun-Jeong Joo Eun-Jeong Joo Hee-Gyoo Kang Hee-Gyoo Kang Jiyeong Lee Discovery and validation of acetyl-L-carnitine in serum for diagnosis of major depressive disorder and remission status through metabolomic approach Frontiers in Psychiatry metabolite biomarker major depressive disorder acetylcarnitine remission status drug treatment |
| title | Discovery and validation of acetyl-L-carnitine in serum for diagnosis of major depressive disorder and remission status through metabolomic approach |
| title_full | Discovery and validation of acetyl-L-carnitine in serum for diagnosis of major depressive disorder and remission status through metabolomic approach |
| title_fullStr | Discovery and validation of acetyl-L-carnitine in serum for diagnosis of major depressive disorder and remission status through metabolomic approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Discovery and validation of acetyl-L-carnitine in serum for diagnosis of major depressive disorder and remission status through metabolomic approach |
| title_short | Discovery and validation of acetyl-L-carnitine in serum for diagnosis of major depressive disorder and remission status through metabolomic approach |
| title_sort | discovery and validation of acetyl l carnitine in serum for diagnosis of major depressive disorder and remission status through metabolomic approach |
| topic | metabolite biomarker major depressive disorder acetylcarnitine remission status drug treatment |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1002828/full |
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