Monitoring Injected CO<sub>2</sub> Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study
Monitoring changes of formation properties along the well bore associated with the presence of carbon dioxide can be important for both tracking the plume inside of the primary containment and detecting leakage into the zone located above the reservoir. This can be achieved with time lapse wireline...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7863 |
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| author | Pavel Shashkin Boris Gurevich Sinem Yavuz Stanislav Glubokovskikh Roman Pevzner |
| author_facet | Pavel Shashkin Boris Gurevich Sinem Yavuz Stanislav Glubokovskikh Roman Pevzner |
| author_sort | Pavel Shashkin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Monitoring changes of formation properties along the well bore associated with the presence of carbon dioxide can be important for both tracking the plume inside of the primary containment and detecting leakage into the zone located above the reservoir. This can be achieved with time lapse wireline logging, but this approach requires well intervention and is not always possible. If the well is permanently instrumented with an optical fibre, it can be used as a distributed seismic receiver array to detect gas behind the casing by monitoring changes in amplitude of the seismic waves generated by active or passive seismic sources. Previous research showed the efficacy of this technique using continuous seismic sources. The Stage 3 Otway Project presented an opportunity to test this technique using passive seismic recording, as downhole fibre-optic arrays recorded numerous regional earthquakes over the period of nearly 2 years before, during, and after CO<sub>2</sub> injection. Analysis of P-wave amplitudes extracted from these downhole gathers shows a consistent amplitude anomaly at the injection level, visible in all events that occurred after the start of injection. This indicates that the anomaly is caused by changes in elastic properties in the reservoir caused by CO<sub>2</sub> saturation. However, extracted amplitudes show significant variability between earthquakes even without subsurface changes; thus, multiple events are required to distinguish the time-lapse anomaly from time-lapse noise. Ubiquity of these events even in a tectonically quiet region (such as Australia) makes this technique a viable and cost-effective option for downhole monitoring. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:30:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e2cb2930ed04904817c5f204b7412b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:30:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e2cb2930ed04904817c5f204b7412b72023-11-24T02:27:28ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-10-012220786310.3390/s22207863Monitoring Injected CO<sub>2</sub> Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case StudyPavel Shashkin0Boris Gurevich1Sinem Yavuz2Stanislav Glubokovskikh3Roman Pevzner4Centre for Exploration Geophysics, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaCentre for Exploration Geophysics, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaCentre for Exploration Geophysics, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaLawrence Berkley National Laboratory, Berkley, CA 94720, USACentre for Exploration Geophysics, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaMonitoring changes of formation properties along the well bore associated with the presence of carbon dioxide can be important for both tracking the plume inside of the primary containment and detecting leakage into the zone located above the reservoir. This can be achieved with time lapse wireline logging, but this approach requires well intervention and is not always possible. If the well is permanently instrumented with an optical fibre, it can be used as a distributed seismic receiver array to detect gas behind the casing by monitoring changes in amplitude of the seismic waves generated by active or passive seismic sources. Previous research showed the efficacy of this technique using continuous seismic sources. The Stage 3 Otway Project presented an opportunity to test this technique using passive seismic recording, as downhole fibre-optic arrays recorded numerous regional earthquakes over the period of nearly 2 years before, during, and after CO<sub>2</sub> injection. Analysis of P-wave amplitudes extracted from these downhole gathers shows a consistent amplitude anomaly at the injection level, visible in all events that occurred after the start of injection. This indicates that the anomaly is caused by changes in elastic properties in the reservoir caused by CO<sub>2</sub> saturation. However, extracted amplitudes show significant variability between earthquakes even without subsurface changes; thus, multiple events are required to distinguish the time-lapse anomaly from time-lapse noise. Ubiquity of these events even in a tectonically quiet region (such as Australia) makes this technique a viable and cost-effective option for downhole monitoring.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7863CCUSmonitoringfibre-opticdistributed acoustic sensingearthquakepassive seismic |
| spellingShingle | Pavel Shashkin Boris Gurevich Sinem Yavuz Stanislav Glubokovskikh Roman Pevzner Monitoring Injected CO<sub>2</sub> Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study Sensors CCUS monitoring fibre-optic distributed acoustic sensing earthquake passive seismic |
| title | Monitoring Injected CO<sub>2</sub> Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study |
| title_full | Monitoring Injected CO<sub>2</sub> Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring Injected CO<sub>2</sub> Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring Injected CO<sub>2</sub> Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study |
| title_short | Monitoring Injected CO<sub>2</sub> Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study |
| title_sort | monitoring injected co sub 2 sub using earthquake waves measured by downhole fibre optic sensors co2crc otway stage 3 case study |
| topic | CCUS monitoring fibre-optic distributed acoustic sensing earthquake passive seismic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7863 |
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