Neuropathological Characterization of Dolphin Morbillivirus Infection in Cetaceans Stranded in Italy
Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is responsible for epidemic and endemic fatalities in free-ranging cetaceans. Neuro-inflammation sustained by CeMV is a leading cause of death in stranded cetaceans. A novel dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) strain of Atlantic origin circulating in Italian waters since early...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/4/452 |
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| author | Federica Giorda Paola Crociara Barbara Iulini Paola Gazzuola Alessandra Favole Maria Goria Laura Serracca Alessandro Dondo Maria Ines Crescio Tania Audino Simone Peletto Cristina Esmeralda Di Francesco Maria Caramelli Eva Sierra Fabio Di Nocera Giuseppe Lucifora Antonio Petrella Roberto Puleio Sandro Mazzariol Giovanni Di Guardo Cristina Casalone Carla Grattarola |
| author_facet | Federica Giorda Paola Crociara Barbara Iulini Paola Gazzuola Alessandra Favole Maria Goria Laura Serracca Alessandro Dondo Maria Ines Crescio Tania Audino Simone Peletto Cristina Esmeralda Di Francesco Maria Caramelli Eva Sierra Fabio Di Nocera Giuseppe Lucifora Antonio Petrella Roberto Puleio Sandro Mazzariol Giovanni Di Guardo Cristina Casalone Carla Grattarola |
| author_sort | Federica Giorda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is responsible for epidemic and endemic fatalities in free-ranging cetaceans. Neuro-inflammation sustained by CeMV is a leading cause of death in stranded cetaceans. A novel dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) strain of Atlantic origin circulating in Italian waters since early 2016 has caused acute/subacute lesions associated with positive immunolabelling of the virus. To date, myelin damage has not been fully documented and investigated in cetaceans. This study describes neuropathological findings in the brain tissue of 31 cetaceans found stranded along the Italian coastline and positive for DMV infection on molecular testing. Cell changes in the areas of myelinopathy were revealed by double indirect immunofluorescence. The most frequent DMV-associated lesions were astro-microgliosis, neuronal necrosis, spongiosis, malacia, and non-suppurative meningoencephalitis. Myelin reduction and areas of demyelination were revealed by means of a specific myelin biomarker. Morbilliviral antigen immunolabelling was mainly observed in neurons and microglial cells, in association with a marked activation of microglia and astrocytes. These findings extend our knowledge of DMV-associated brain lesions and shed light on their pathogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:48:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e2d669ab13140e6975229c1f5b2d826 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:48:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e2d669ab13140e6975229c1f5b2d8262023-11-23T18:25:20ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-02-0112445210.3390/ani12040452Neuropathological Characterization of Dolphin Morbillivirus Infection in Cetaceans Stranded in ItalyFederica Giorda0Paola Crociara1Barbara Iulini2Paola Gazzuola3Alessandra Favole4Maria Goria5Laura Serracca6Alessandro Dondo7Maria Ines Crescio8Tania Audino9Simone Peletto10Cristina Esmeralda Di Francesco11Maria Caramelli12Eva Sierra13Fabio Di Nocera14Giuseppe Lucifora15Antonio Petrella16Roberto Puleio17Sandro Mazzariol18Giovanni Di Guardo19Cristina Casalone20Carla Grattarola21Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18 Località Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyInstitute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Canary Islands, SpainIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via della Salute, 2, Portici, 80055 Napoli, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via della Salute, 2, Portici, 80055 Napoli, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, ItalyRetired Professor of General Pathology and Veterinary Pathophysiology, Veterinary Medical Faculty, University of Teramo, Localita’ Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyCetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is responsible for epidemic and endemic fatalities in free-ranging cetaceans. Neuro-inflammation sustained by CeMV is a leading cause of death in stranded cetaceans. A novel dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) strain of Atlantic origin circulating in Italian waters since early 2016 has caused acute/subacute lesions associated with positive immunolabelling of the virus. To date, myelin damage has not been fully documented and investigated in cetaceans. This study describes neuropathological findings in the brain tissue of 31 cetaceans found stranded along the Italian coastline and positive for DMV infection on molecular testing. Cell changes in the areas of myelinopathy were revealed by double indirect immunofluorescence. The most frequent DMV-associated lesions were astro-microgliosis, neuronal necrosis, spongiosis, malacia, and non-suppurative meningoencephalitis. Myelin reduction and areas of demyelination were revealed by means of a specific myelin biomarker. Morbilliviral antigen immunolabelling was mainly observed in neurons and microglial cells, in association with a marked activation of microglia and astrocytes. These findings extend our knowledge of DMV-associated brain lesions and shed light on their pathogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/4/452cetacean morbilliviruscetaceansmeningoencephalitisdemyelinationneuropathologyimmunofluorescence |
| spellingShingle | Federica Giorda Paola Crociara Barbara Iulini Paola Gazzuola Alessandra Favole Maria Goria Laura Serracca Alessandro Dondo Maria Ines Crescio Tania Audino Simone Peletto Cristina Esmeralda Di Francesco Maria Caramelli Eva Sierra Fabio Di Nocera Giuseppe Lucifora Antonio Petrella Roberto Puleio Sandro Mazzariol Giovanni Di Guardo Cristina Casalone Carla Grattarola Neuropathological Characterization of Dolphin Morbillivirus Infection in Cetaceans Stranded in Italy Animals cetacean morbillivirus cetaceans meningoencephalitis demyelination neuropathology immunofluorescence |
| title | Neuropathological Characterization of Dolphin Morbillivirus Infection in Cetaceans Stranded in Italy |
| title_full | Neuropathological Characterization of Dolphin Morbillivirus Infection in Cetaceans Stranded in Italy |
| title_fullStr | Neuropathological Characterization of Dolphin Morbillivirus Infection in Cetaceans Stranded in Italy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuropathological Characterization of Dolphin Morbillivirus Infection in Cetaceans Stranded in Italy |
| title_short | Neuropathological Characterization of Dolphin Morbillivirus Infection in Cetaceans Stranded in Italy |
| title_sort | neuropathological characterization of dolphin morbillivirus infection in cetaceans stranded in italy |
| topic | cetacean morbillivirus cetaceans meningoencephalitis demyelination neuropathology immunofluorescence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/4/452 |
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